Apertium system architecture

The Apertium RBMT system uses a "pipeline", with individual stages performing specific tasks before that stage's output is passed along to the next stage. The page provides an #The pipeline, information about The stages, and an #Example translation at each stage to create an output translation.

The pipeline

The stages

Linguistic data

stage		introduced	filenames	mode	documentation
morphological tagger		2004	—	xxx-yyy-tagger, xxx-tagger	—
morphological analysis		2004	apertium-xxx.xxx.lexc and apertium-xxx.xxx.twol and apertium-xxx.xxx.twoc, OR apertium-xxx.xxx.dix	xxx-yyy-morph, xxx-morph
morphological disambiguation		2004, 2008	apertium-xxx.xxx.rlx	xxx-yyy-disam, xxx-disam	Constraint Grammar
discontiguous multiword assembly (optional)		2017	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.lsx	xxx-yyy-autoseq	Apertium separable
lexical transfer		2004	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.dix	xxx-yyy-biltrans	Bilingual dictionary
lexical selection		2012	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.lrx	xxx-yyy-lex	Lexical selection
anaphora resolution (optional)		2019, in progress	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.arx	xxx-yyy-anaphora	Anaphora Resolution Module
pre-transfer			—	xxx-yyy-pretransfer	—
shallow structural transfer	chunker	2006	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.t1x	xxx-yyy-chunker	Contributing to an existing pair#Adding structural transfer (grammar) rules
	interchunk	2006	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.t2x	xxx-yyy-interchunk
	postchunk	2006	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.t3x	xxx-yyy-postchunk
recursive structural transfer		2019, in progress	apertium-xxx-yyy.xxx-yyy.rtx	xxx-yyy-rectransfer	Apertium-recursive
discontiguous multiword disassembly (optional)		2017	apertium-xxx-yyy.yyy-xxx.lsx	xxx-yyy-revautoseq	Apertium separable
morphological generation		2004	apertium-yyy.yyy.lexc and apertium-yyy.yyy.twol and apertium-yyy.yyy.twoc, OR apertium-yyy.yyy.dix	xxx-yyy-dgen or xxx-yyy-gener or xxx-yyy-generador
post-generation		2004	apertium-yyy.post-yyy.dix	xxx-yyy-pgen	Post-generator

Apertium-internal

deformatter, reformatter

Example translation at each stage

Note that this example includes what all modules would do, even though the English-Spanish pair does not currently use all of them.

Input text

John said he took the big plant out to the yard.

Morphological analyzer

^John/John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^said/say<vblex><past>/say<vblex><pp>$ ^he/prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^took/take<vblex><past>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^big/big<adj><sint>$ ^plant/plant<n><sg>/plant<vblex><inf>/plant<vblex><pres>/plant<vblex><imp>$ ^out/out<adv>/out<pr>$ ^to/to<pr>$ ^the/the<det><def><sp>$ ^yard/yard<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$

Morphological disambiguator

^John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^say<vblex><past>$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^take<vblex><past>$ ^the<det><def><sp>$ ^big<adj><sint>$ ^plant<n><sg>$ ^out<adv>$ ^to<pr>$ ^the<det><def><sp>$ ^yard<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$

Discontiguous multiword processing

^John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^say<vblex><past>$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>$ ^take# out<vblex><past>$ ^the<det><def><sp>$ ^big<adj><sint>$ ^plant<n><sg>$^./.<sent>$

Lexical transfer

^John<np><ant><m><sg>/John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^say<vblex><past>/decir<vblex><past>$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>/prpers<prn><tn><p3><m><sg>$ ^take# out<vblex><past>/sacar<vblex><past>$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>$ ^big<adj><sint>/grande<adj><mf>$ ^plant<n><sg>/planta<n><f><sg>/fábrica<n><f><sg>/maquinaria<n><f><sg>$ ^to<pr>/a<pr>$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>$ ^yard<n><sg>/patio<n><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

Lexical selection

^John<np><ant><m><sg>/John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^say<vblex><past>/decir<vblex><past>$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>/prpers<prn><tn><p3><m><sg>$ ^take# out<vblex><past>/sacar<vblex><past>$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>$ ^big<adj><sint>/grande<adj><mf>$ ^plant<n><sg>/planta<n><f><sg>$ ^to<pr>/a<pr>$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>$ ^yard<n><sg>/patio<n><m><sg>$^.<sent>/.<sent>$

Anaphora resolution

^John<np><ant><m><sg>/John<np><ant><m><sg>/$ ^say<vblex><past>/decir<vblex><past>/$ ^prpers<prn><subj><p3><m><sg>/prpers<prn><tn><p3><m><sg>/John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^take# out<vblex><past>/sacar<vblex><past>/$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>/$ ^big<adj><sint>/grande<adj><mf>/$ ^plant<n><sg>/planta<n><f><sg>/$ ^to<pr>/a<pr>/$ ^the<det><def><sp>/el<det><def><GD><ND>/$ ^yard<n><sg>/patio<n><m><sg>/$^.<sent>/.<sent>/$

Structural transfer

^John<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^decir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^que<cnjsub>$ ^sacar<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^planta<n><f><sg>$ ^grande<adj><mf><sg>$ ^a<pr>$ ^el<det><def><m><sg>$ ^patio<n><m><sg>$^.<sent>$

Morphological generator

John dijo que sacó la planta grande ~a el patio.

Post-generator

John dijo que sacó la planta grande al patio.

See also

• Modes