Apertium separable
Lttoolbox provides a module for reordering separable/discontiguous multiwords and processing them in the pipeline. Multiwords are manually written in an additional xml-format dictionary.
Installing
Prerequisites and compilation are the same as lttoolbox and apertium. See Installation. On Debian/Ubuntu derivatives, it is part of the nightly repo as apt-get install apertium-separable.
The code can be found at https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/branches/apertium-separable and instructions for compiling the module are:
./autogen.sh ./configure make make install
It is not currently part of distributed Apertium binaries for other distros/OSs.
Lexical transfer in the pipeline
lsx-proc runs directly AFTER apertium-tagger and apertium-pretransfer: note: previously this page had said that lsx-proc runs between BETWEEN apertium-tagger and apertium-pretransfer. it has now been determined that it should run AFTER pretransfer.
… | apertium-tagger -g en-es.prob | apertium-pretransfer | lsx-proc en-es.autoseq.bin | …
Usage
Creating the lsx-dictionary
Make a dictionary file:
<dictionary type="separable">
<alphabet>ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz</alphabet>
<sdefs>
<sdef n="adj"/>
<sdef n="adv"/>
<sdef n="n"/>
<sdef n="sep"/>
<sdef n="vblex"/>
</sdefs>
<pardefs>
<pardef n="adj">
<e><i><w/><s n="adj"/><j/></i></e>
<e><i><w/><s n="adj"/><t/><j/></i></e>
</pardef>
<pardef n="n">
<e><i><w/><s n="n"/><t/><j/></i></e>
</pardef>
<pardef n="SN">
<e><par n="n"/></e>
<e><par n="adj"/><par n="n"/></e>
<e><par n="adj"/><par n="adj"/><par n="n"/></e>
</pardef>
<pardef n="freq-adv">
<e><i>always<s n="adv"/><j/></i></e>
<e><i>anually<s n="adv"/><j/></i></e>
<e><i>bianually<s n="adv"/><j/></i></e>
</pardef>
</pardefs>
<section id="main" type="standard">
<e lm="be late" c="llegar tarde">
<p><l>be<s n="vbser"/></l><r>be<g><b/>late</g><s n="vbser"/><s n="sep"/></r></p><i><t/><j/></i>
<par n="SAdv"/><p><l>late<t/><j/></l><r></r></p>
</e>
<e lm="take away" c="sacar, quitar">
<p><l>take<s n="vblex"/></l><r>take<g><b/>away</g><s n="vblex"/><s n="sep"/></r></p><i><t/><j/></i>
<par n="SN"/><p><l>away<t/><j/></l><r></r></p>
</e>
</section>
</dictionary>
Note:
<w/>stands for one or more alphabetic symbols<t/>stands for one or more tags (multicharacter symbols).
i.e.
<e><w/>is equivalent to<t/><j/></e>any-one-or-more-chars<adj><required-anytag><...optional-anytag...><$>- ^tall<adj><sint><...>$
<e><w/>is equivalent to<j/></e>any-one-or-more-chars<adj><$>- ^tall<adj>$
A larger example dictionary can be found at https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/branches/apertium-separable/examples/apertium-eng-spa.eng-spa.lsx
Compilation
Compilation into the binary format is achieved by means of the lsx-comp program.
$ lsx-comp apertium-eng-spa.eng-spa.lsx eng-spa.autoseq.bin main@standard 61 73
Processing
Processing can be done using the lsx-proc program.
The input to lsx-proc is the output of apertium-tagger and apertium-pretransfer ,
$ echo '^take<vblex><imp>$ ^prpers<prn><obj><p3><nt><sg>$ ^out of<pr>$ ^there<adv>$^.<sent>$' | lsx-proc eng-spa.autoseq.bin ^take# out<vblex><sep><imp>$ ^prpers<prn><obj><p3><nt><sg>$ ^of<pr>$ ^there<adv>$^.<sent>$
Example usages
Example #1: A sentence in plain text,
The Aragonese took Ramiro out of a monastery and made him king.
This is the output of feeding the sentence through apertium-tagger :
^the<det><def><sp>$ ^Aragonese<n><sg>$ ^take<vblex><past>$ ^Ramiro<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^out of<pr>$ ^a<det><ind><sg>$ ^monastery<n><sg>$ ^and<cnjcoo>$ ^make<vblex><pp>$ ^prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^king<n><sg>$^.<sent>$
This is the output of feeding the output above through lsx-proc with apertium-eng-spa.eng-spa.lsx:
^the<det><def><sp>$ ^Aragonese<n><sg>$ ^take# out<vblex><sep><past>$ ^Ramiro<np><ant><m><sg>$ ^of<pr>$ ^a<det><ind><sg>$ ^monastery<n><sg>$ ^and<cnjcoo>$ ^make<vblex><pp>$ ^prpers<prn><obj><p3><m><sg>$ ^king<n><sg>$^.<sent>$
Naming Convention
apertium-eng-cat.eng-cat.lsx, eng-cat.autoseq.bin
Resolved issues
- kaz-eng
$ echo "хабар еткен" | apertium-destxt | apertium -f none -d . kaz-eng-tagger | ~/source/apertium/branches/apertium-separable/src/lsx-proc kaz-eng.autoseq.bin ^хабарет<v><tv>$ ^хабарет<v><tv><past>$^хабарет<v><tv><past><p3>$^хабарет<v><tv><past><p3><sg>$^.<sent>$[][
- kaz-kir
15:35 firespeaker: http://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/nursery/apertium-kaz-kir/apertium-kaz-kir.kaz-kir.lsx
15:35 firespeaker: with input ^абай<adj>$ ^бол<v><iv><imp><p2><sg>$
- deu
wolfgangth Hi, I tested the new module for reordering separable multiwords and I have a problem if one of the entries (the last) has more then one word
wolfgangth before lsx-proc : ^heute Nachmittag<adv>$ wolfgangth after lsx-proc : ^heuteNachmittag<adv>$
wolfgangth the blank was lost if it was part of a rule that was executed
- /p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-fao-nor/apertium-fao-nor.fao-nor.dix
input: ^snjúgva<vblex><ind><pres><p3><sg>$ ^seg<prn><ref><acc>$ ^um<pr>$ should output: snjúgva# seg<vblex><ind><pres><p3><sg>$ ^um<pr>$ input: ^at<cnjsub>$ ^*leidningarnir$ ^halda<vblex><inf>$ ^fram<adv>$^,<cm>$ ^at<cnjsub>$, output: ^at<cnjsub>$ ^*leidningarnir$ ^halda# fram<vblex><adv>$^,<cm>$ ^at<cnjsub>$ notice the extra space and the fact that you get <vblex><adv> not <vblex><inf>
- +
16:35 firespeaker: $ echo "абай болмайсың ба" | apertium -d . kaz-kir-autoseq 16:35 firespeaker: ^абай<adj>$ ^бол<v><iv><neg><aor><p2><sg>+ма<qst>$^.<sent>$ 16:35 firespeaker: oh, it's probably the + 16:35 firespeaker: seems to be okay with everything else 16:36 firespeaker: we'll need to ask spectie how we want to be dealing with this 16:38 irene_: what's the expected output? 16:39 begiak: apertium: jonorthwash * 81610: /nursery/apertium-kaz-kir/: Makefile.am, apertium-kaz-kir.kaz-kir.dix and 2 other files: kaz-kir-autoseq mode 16:39 irene_: of ^абай<adj>$ ^бол<v><iv><neg><aor><p2><sg>+ма<qst>$^.<sent>$ 16:39 firespeaker: ^абай бол<v><iv><neg><aor><p2><sg>+ма<qst>$^.<sent>$ I guess
- append <j/> with <t/>? => no
- append <j/> with every </e> in lsx-comp, instead of writing the final <j/> in the dictionary => no, having lsx-comp append <j/> messes with paradigms
- have the language-data writer write it explicitly in the .lsx file.
- lsx-comp doesn't register loop for ANY_TAG when in pair, only when in identity => fixed in matchTransduction()
- blow# out of the water, be# oppose to
- fao-nor
<e lm="snjúgva seg um" c="">
<p><l>snjúgva<s n="vblex"/></l><r>snjúgva<g><b/>seg</g><s n="vblex"/></r></p>
<i><t/><j/></i>
<p><l>seg<s n="prn"/><t/><j/>um<s n="pr"/></l><r>um<s n="pr"/></r></p>
<i><j/></i>
</e>
$ lt-print fao-nob.autoseq.bin
0 1 s s
1 2 n n
2 3 j j
3 4 ú ú
4 5 g g
5 6 v v
6 7 a a
7 8 <vblex> #
8 9 ε
9 10 ε s
10 11 ε e
11 12 ε g
12 13 ε <vblex>
13 14 <ANY_TAG> <ANY_TAG>
14 14 <ANY_TAG> <ANY_TAG>
14 15 <$> <$>
15 16 s u
16 17 e m
17 18 g <pr>
18 19 <prn> ε
19 20 <ANY_TAG> ε
20 21 <$> ε
21 22 u ε
22 23 m ε
23 24 <pr> ε
24 25 <$> <$>
25
$ echo "^snjúgva<vblex><ind><pres><p3><sg>$ ^seg<prn><ref><acc>$ ^um<pr>$" | ~/source/apertium/branches/apertium-separable/src/lsx-proc fao-nob.autoseq.bin
^snjúgva<vblex><ind><pres><p3><sg>$ ^seg<prn><ref><acc>$ ^um<pr>$
<e lm="halda fram, at" c="">
<p><l>halda<s n="vblex"/></l><r>halda<g><b/>fram</g><s n="vblex"/></r></p>
<i><t/><j/></i>
<p><l>fram<s n="adv"/><j/>,<s n="cm"/><j/>at<s n="cnjsub"/></l><r>,<s n="cm"/><j/>at<s n="cnjsub"/><j/></r></p>
<i><j/></i>
</e>
$ echo "^at<cnjsub>$ ^*leidningarnir$ ^halda<vblex><inf>$ ^fram<adv>$^,<cm>$ ^at<cnjsub>$" | ~/source/apertium/branches/apertium-separable/src/lsx-proc fao-nob.autoseq.bin
^at<cnjsub>$ ^*leidningarnir$ ^halda# fram<vblex><inf>$^,<cm>$ ^at<cnjsub>$ ^$
Troubleshooting
Segmentation fault
if the lsx-dictionary compiles fine with zero entries but gives a seg fault once entries are added:
in makefile: $(PREFIX1).autosep.bin: $(BASENAME).$(PREFIX1).lsx lsx-comp $< $@
