Mandarin Chinese

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Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia:Mandarin Chinese) is a Sino-Tibetan language(Wikipedia:Sino-Tibetan languages). Currently there is no stable language pair in Apertium involving Mandarin Chinese (see list of language pairs).


General

  • Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mandarin Chinese". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  • —— (1991), "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms", Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
  • Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
  • Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
  • Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), Language Atlas of China, Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
  • Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.

Machine translation

  • [1] Libtabe (SourceForge)
  • [2] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
  • [3] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary

Grammars

  • Chinese Grammar Wiki All Set Learning
  • [4] Chinese Grammar (Wikipedia)
  • [5] ADVANCED CHINESE GRAMMAR
  • Yue, Anne O. (2003), "Chinese dialects: grammar", in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
  • Li Dejin and Cheng Meizhen. A Practical Chinese Grammar for Foreigners. Revised Edition. Beijing Language and Culture University Press, 2009. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-561-92163-0
  • Chao, Yuen Ren. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968. ISBN: 0-520-00219-9. {ALEX PL1137.S6C5 1968}
  • Claudia Ross and Jing-heng Sheng Ma. Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar. New York: Routledge, 2006.
  • Huang, C. -T. James, Y. -H. Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. The Syntax of Chinese. Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN: 0521590582
  • Kratochvil, P. The Chinese Language Today. {ALEX PL1087.K7}
  • He, Wayne W., Dela Jiao and Christopher M. Livaccari. Structures of Mandarin Chinese for Speakers of English I. Peking University Press, 2010. Paper. ISBN: 978-7-301-17971-0
  • Li, Charles N. & Sandra A. Thompson. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 {ALEX PL1107.L5}
  • Lu, Fubo 卢福波著. 《对外汉语教学实用语法》. Beijing Languages and Culture University Press, 1996. Paper. ISBN 978-7-5619-0474-9
  • Yip Po-Ching and Don Rimmington. Chinese: An Essential Grammar. New York: Routledge, 1997. {Paul Robeson (Camden) PL1107.Y57 1996}

Morphology

Dictionaries

Monolingual
Multilingual
  • [6] English-Chinese Online Dictionary - TigerNT
  • [7] Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, English-Chinese (traditional)
  • [8] MDBG English to Chinese dictionary
Wordlists

Miscellaneous

  • Duanmu, San. 1999. Stress and the development of disyllabic vocabulary in Chinese. Diachronica XVI: 1.1-35.
  • Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, Universal Grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.
  • Coblin, W. South (2000), "A brief history of Mandarin", Journal of the American Oriental Society 120 (4): 537–552, JSTOR 606615.
  • Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1982. The syntax of words. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  • Standard Chinese (Wikipedia, English)
  • 官話 (Wikipedia, Classical Chinese)
  • 华语 (Wikipedia, Simplified Chinese)
  • Kahl, Thede - "Istoria aromânilor", Editura Tritonic, București, 2006;
  • V. Papacostea - "Aromanian Documents" (1860 - 1870);
  • CANDREA I.A. “Texte meglenite” in Grai si suflet, no 1 (Bucuresti : 1929). P. 100-127.
  • CAPIDAN Theodor, “Meglenoromânii” Bucuresti : Academia româna, 1925 ; 1928 (Studii si cercetari ; 7). 3 vol. [1 : Istoria si graiul lor ; 2 : Literatura populara la meglenoromâni ; 3 : Dictionar meglenoromân.]
  • CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Intorno alla publicazione della Bibliografia macedoromena” in Balkan Archiv, neue Folge no 11, Hamburg : 1986. P. 247-278.
  • CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “La soubordinazione circonstanziale ipotattica nella frase del dialetto aromeno (macedo-romeno)” Napoli : Istituto universitario orientale, 1982.
  • CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Gli aromeni e la questione aromena nei documenti dell’archivo storico diplomatico del Ministerio degli affari esteri italiano” in Storia contemporanea, no 5 (Roma : 1987) ; no 4 (1990). P. 928-1007 ; 633-662.
  • DASKALESCU C. “ Scrisori din teara tintereasca si poesii noue [caractere chirilice]” Iasi : 1847.
  • DIMA Nicholas 1978 “Romanian minorities in South-East Europe” in Buletinul bibliotecii române, vol. VI, serie noua, Freiburg i Br. : Rumänisches Forschungsinstitut, 1978. P. 337-366.
  • NOULAS Vassilis (Hrsg.), “Aromounische Hirtenerzählungen aus dem Pindusgebirge : von Nereiden, Moiren, Dämonen, Drachen, Toten und Träume gesammelt” Zürich : Verlag Madliger-Schwab, 1981
  • POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution “ in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45
  • Aromanian Language website
  • Στα Βλάχικα - In Vlach: A website about the Vlach language in Greece
  • Ethnologue entry for Aromanian
  • Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs
  • Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organisation: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece
  • Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian
  • Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian
  • Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj - CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects
  • Armans Association from Serbia
  • Armans Cultural Association from Romania

Corpora

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