Languages of the Caucasus
The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families. The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact). A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages. North Caucasus languages include Kumyk, Nogay, Karachay-Balkar, Avar, Chechen, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Ossetian, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Ingushetian, etc., while South Caucasus languages include Georgian, Azeri, and Armenian.
Status
kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lak, lez, kat, aze, hye
Transducers
Existing language pairs
| kum | nog | krc | ava | che | oss | abk | ady | inh | kat | aze | hye | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kum | - | |||||||||||
| nog | - | |||||||||||
| krc | - | |||||||||||
| ava | - | |||||||||||
| che | - | |||||||||||
| oss | - | |||||||||||
| abk | - | |||||||||||
| ady | - | |||||||||||
| inh | - | |||||||||||
| kat | - | |||||||||||
| aze | - | |||||||||||
| hye | - | |||||||||||
| eng | hye-eng 12,218 | |||||||||||
| kaz | kaz-kum 8 |
nog-kaz 9 |
||||||||||
| rus | ava-rus 1,432 |
|||||||||||
| tur | tur-aze 8,194 |
Endangerment
| Language | ISO639-3 | Location | Speakers | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnologue | UNESCO | ||||
| Nogay | nog
|
Russian Federation | 87,410 | 5 (Developing) | 2 (Definitely endangered) |
| Kumyk | kum
|
Russian Federation | 426,550 | 5 (Developing) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Ossetic | oss
|
Georgia, Russian Federation | 577,450 | 5 (Developing) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Kabardian | kbd
|
Russian Federation, Turkey | 1,628,500 | 5 (Developing) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Karachay-Balkar | krc
|
Russian Federation | 310,730 | 4 (Educational) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Ingush | inh
|
Russian Federation | 322,900 | 4 (Educational) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Avar | ava
|
Russian Federation | 761,960 | 4 (Educational) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Lezgi | lez
|
Azerbaijan, Russian Federation | 788,720 | 4 (Educational) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Abkhaz | abk
|
Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey | 112,740 | 2 (Provincial) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Adyghe | ady
|
Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey | 491,800 | 2 (Provincial) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Chechen | che
|
Russian Federation | 1,361,000 | 2 (Provincial) | 1 (Vulnerable) |
| Georgian | kat
|
Georgia | 4,237,710 | 1 (National) | - |
| Armenian | hye
|
Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation | 5,924,320 | 1 (National) | 3 (Severely endangered) |
| Azerbaijani, Northern | azj
|
Azerbaijan | 7,324,270 | 1 (National) | - |
Examples
| Language | Text |
|---|---|
| Ossetian | Адӕймӕгтӕ се¢ ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн. |
| Abkhaz | Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп. |
| Georgian | ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით. |
| Armenian | Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։ |
