Talk:Turkic lexicon

To be merged

VERBAL NOUNS

Ben (eve) yürümek istiyorum. [-mAk infinitive, no ACC]
I want to walk (home).

Ben (eve) yürümeyi/yürümeği seviyorum.
    [-mA or -mAk infinitive + ACC -- choice of the -mAk forms is considered
archaic | This distinction doesn't seem clear in front vowel stuff in
Standard Turkish, because they're pronounced the same. It's clearer in a
verb like almak (almayı/almağı), or in dialects in which /ğ/ is always
pronounced as a uvular fricative.]
I love walking (home).

Ben onun (eve) yürümesini istiyorum. [-mA infinitive + 3S + ACC]
I want him to walk (home).

Ben onun (eve) yürümesini seviyorum. [-mA infinitive + 3S + ACC]
I love that he walks (home).

Ben onun (eve) gittiğini biliyorum.
I know that he went/goes/is going (home).

Ben onun (eve) gideceğini biliyorum.
I know that he will/would go (home).

Ben onun (eve) gitmekte/gidiyor olduğunu biliyorum.
I know that he is/was [in the process of] going (home).

Ben onun (eve) gitmekte/gidiyor olacağını biliyorum.
I know that he will/would be [in the process of] going (home).

Ben onun (eve) gitmiş olduğunu biliyorum.
I know that he has/had [supposedly] gone (home).
    [i.e., he entered a state of having gone in the past]

Ben onun (eve) gitmiş olacağını biliyorum.
I know that he will/would have [supposedly] gone (home).
    [i.e., he will/would enter a state of having gone in the past]

Ben onun (eve) gidecek olduğunu biliyorum.
I know that he is/was about to go (home).
    [i.e., he entered a state of being decided/about to go in the future]

Ben onun (eve) gidecek olcağını biliyorum.
I know that he is going to be about/ready to go (home).
    [i.e., he will/would enter a state of being decided/about to go in the
future]

VERBAL ADJECTIVES

Topu atan adam gitti.
The man who threw/throws the ball left.

Topu atmış (olan) adam gitti.
The man who [supposedly] threw/has thrown/had thrown the ball left.

Topu atacak (olan) adam gitti.
The man who will throw the ball has left.

Adamın attığı top büyük.
The ball that the man threw/throws is big.

Adamın atacağı top büyük.
The ball that the man will/would throw is big.

Adamın atmakta/atıyor olduğu top büyük.
The ball that the man is in the process of throwing is big.

Adamın atmakta/atıyor olacağı top büyük.
The ball that the man is will be the process of throwing is big.

Adamın atmış olduğu top büyük.
The ball that the man had thrown is big.

Adamın atmış olacağı top büyük.
The ball that the man will/would have thrown is big.

Adamın atacak olduğu top büyük.
The ball that the man is/was about to throw is big.

Adamın atacak olacağı top büyük.
The ball that the man will/would be about/plan/decide to throw is big.

PARTICIPLES

We should probably talk about this in person to see exactly what you want, but going off your Kazakh examples here are some Turkish participles. It should be noted that there are many fewer "converb" constructions in Modern Standard Turkish than there are in any of the Central Asian Turkic languages, and that all of the surviving ones are not divisible into separate words.

gidebildi [< gide + bildi] = he was able to go [very common]
gidemedi [< gide + me + di] = he was not able to go [very common]
gidiverdi [< gidi(p) + verdi] = he suddenly/immediately went [decently
common, esp. in writing]
gideyazdı [< gıde + yazdı] = he nearly/almost went [considered VERY archaic,
almost ungrammatical with most verbs]

gidesi var = he wants/feels the need to go
[NB: gidesim var = I want/have the desire to g -- i.e., the form is -AsI +
PERS, except that the personal ending in the 3rd PERS is dropped]

VERBAL ADVERBS

Again, we should talk about this in person. There are tons of these, but
they can also be boiled down to a few morphemes. I'll explain them to you
some time later...

Ben kapıyı kapatıp gittim.
I closed the door and left./Having closed the door, I left.

Ben kapıyı kapattıktan sonra gittim.
After closing the door, I left.

Ben kapıyı kapatmadan gittim.
I left without closing the door.

Ben kapıyı kapatmadan önce gittim.
I left before closing the door.

Ben kapıyı kapattığımda sen gittin.
When I closed the door, you left.

Ben kapıyı kapatarak gittim.
I left closing the door.

Ben koşa koşa gittim.
I left running. [more common with some verbs than others]

Ben kapıyı kapatırken gittim.
I left while closing the door.

Ben kapıyı kapatınca gittim.
Once I closed the door, I left.

Ben kapıyı kapatır kapatmaz gittim.
As soon as I closed the door, I left.

Ben kapıyı kapattıkça, bebek korktu.
The more I closed the door, the (more) the baby cried.

Ben kapıyı kapatsam giderim.
If I close the door I'll go. [contains some sort of suggestion]

Ben kapıyı kapatırsam giderim.
Should I close the door, I would leave. [in the event that I close the door]

Ben kapıyı kapatıyorsam senin gitmen gerekiyor.
If I'm closing the door [and I probably am] you need to leave.

Ben kapıyı kapatacaksam senin de gitmen gerekecek.
If I am going to close the door [and I probably will] you will need to
leave, too.

Ben kapıyı kapattıysam/kapattımsa gitmen gerekiyor.
If I've closed the door [and I have] you need to leave. [real]

Ben kapıyı kapatsaydım gitmezdin.
If I had closed the door [and I didn't] you wouldn't have left. [unreal]