User:Gantu/Application

Mirlan Ipasov

gantu on IRC: #apertium, #hfst

Bio

• B. Computer Science at IAAU Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan http://www.iaau.edu.kg in 2000-2004
• MTech in Artificial Intelligence at HCU Hyderabad/India 2005-2007
• PhD Student at IAAU 2010-Approximate completing year 2014
• System Administrator at IAAU Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan 2004-2005
• Software Developer BaraanSoft Hyderabad/India 2005-2007
• Teaching Assistant at IAAU 2008
• Fedora Project Ambassador in Kyrgyzstan

Languages:

• Native: Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkish
• Fluent: English
• Some: Kazakh,Uzbek

Programming:

• Java, Python, C

Why is it you are interested in machine translation?

Machine translation is very important area where has not been done enough researches and studies. Especially on native languages of nations with a small population. As a computer scientist i would like to contribute in such important and interesting field

Which of the published tasks are you interested in? What do you plan to do?

Title: Apertium-tr-ky: New Turkish-Kyrgyz language pair.

Reasons why Google and Apertium should sponsor it

In almost all machine translation projects the Turkic languages are very poorly developed, some languages are not developed at all. I will develop a new Turkic language pair Turkish (tr)-Kyrgyz (ky) where Kyrgyz (ky) side will be completely developed from scratch. Interesting part of Kyrgyz language is it is Cyrillic written but Turkic based language. It will be first language pair of its type in apertium project and other machine translation projects as well.

How and who it will benefit in society?

As a part of this project a new bilingual dictionary and morphological analyzer/generator for Kyrgyz language will be developed. Both of them could be used in many purposes. The project deliverable could be used as translation tool from tr-ky and as educational tool as well. And it could help as a tutorial for other Turkic based languages.

Work and research done, resources

Language Information

Noun morphology

Kyrgyz language has several cases:

• absolute,
• definite-accusative,
• dative,
• locative,
• ablative,
• genitive
  

Words in Kyrgyz language morphologically built by applying suffixes in following order:

• plural suffix
  
• suffix of possession
  
• personal suffix
  
• case-ending
  

 
китеп (kitep)= book is the stem
китеп+plural+pronoun китептер (kitepter)
китептер (kitepter) is books
китептеримден (kitepterimden)  китеп +(pl)тер +(pronoun)им +(case)ден	from by books

A noun has 5 cases

ky	Gloss	tr
китеп (kitep)	book	kitap
китептин (kiteptin)	of that book	o kitabın
китепке (kitepke)	to that book	o kitaba
китепти (kitepti)	that book	o kitabı
китепте (kitepte)	in that book	o kitapta
китептен (kitepten)	from that book	o kitaptan

Agglutination case

ex:

verb = окуу (okuu) = to read, stem = оку (oku) read

(ky) окуп жатам (okwp jatam )
	оку+п жат+ам (present continous, pr1, kyrgyz)
	I am reading

(Mostly verbs in present continuous tense defined by two verbs. ex: оку+п жат+ам, жатам --> helping verb to define the present continuous tense).

(tr) okuyorum
	oku+yor+um (present continous, pr1, turkish)
	I am reading
	
	gidiyorum = I am going
	git (lemma) -i -yor (for continuous tense) -um (for first personal pronoun)   (Turkish)

(ky) окуп жатам (okup žatam) = I am reading
	оку (lemma) +п(for continuous tense) жат(second verb for continuous tense) +ам (for first personal pronoun) (present continuous, p1sg, kyrgyz)

	окудум (okudum) = I read
	оку (lemma) +ду (for past tense) +м(for first personal pronoun) (past tense, p1sg, Kyrgyz)

Vowel harmony

Generally there is vowel harmony in Kyrgyz language but words imported from other languages like Russian do not obey vowel harmony restrictions.

китеп         (kitep)		book
китептер      (kitepter)	books
китептерим    (kitepterim)	my books

китептеримден           (kitepterimden) 
китеп.тер.им.ден	
китеп+Pl+Px1Sg+Abl	
`From my books.'

In Turkish the word "bira" (beer) is imported from French, and in Kyrgyz, пиво "pivo" is imported from Russian

пиво (pivo)			beer
пивалар (pivalar)		beers
пиваларым (pïvalarım)	my beers
пиваларымдан (pïvalarımdan)	from my beers

Noun and Verb comparisons

Noun :

Kyrgyz	Turkish	Gloss
китеп (kitep)	kitab	book
китептер (kitepter)	kitaplar	books
китебим (kitebim)	kitabım	my book
китептерим (kitepterim)	kitaplarım	my books
китептен (kitepten)	kitaptan	from book
китептерден (kitepterden)	kitaplardan	from books
китебимден (kitebimden)	kitabımdan	from my book
китептеримден (kitepterimden)	kitaplarımdan	from my books

Verb:

Kyrgyz	Turkish	Gloss
ойнойм (ojnojm)	oynarım	I play
ойнойсуң (ojnojsuŋ)	oynarsın	You play
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	He plays
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	She plays
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	It plays
ойнойсуңуз (ojnojsuŋuz)	oynarsınız	You (pl.) play
ойнойбуз (ojnojbuz)	oynarız	We play
ойнощот (ojnošot)	oynarlar	The play

Dictionary Information

As I mentioned above one part of the project is building bilingual dictionary. Fortunately I am not going to build it from nothing. There is StarDict version of Turkish-Kyrgyz dictionary without part-of-speech definitions. StarDict tr-ky dictionary consist 4,600 unique entries of nouns and verbs mixed. Part-of-speech could be extracted by using trmorph (open-source Turkish morphological analyser).

Lexical Selection Example:

Verb (tr) çalışmak (en) to work 

(tr) Ahmet fabrikada çalışıyor. (en) Ahmet is working in a factory.  (ky) Ахмет фабрикада иштейт (Axmet fabrikada ištejt)
(tr) Ahmet ders çalışıyor.      (en) Ahmet is studying.              (ky) Ахмет сабак окул жатат. (Axmet sabak okul žatat)

Adjective (tr) hasta (en) ill

(tr) Ahmet hasta.     (en) Ahmet is ill.               (ky) Ахмет ооруп жатат.         (Ahmet oorup žatat)
(tr) Hasta geldi.     (en) (the) ill (person) arrived  (ky) оорулуу келди. (Ooruluu keldi)

If the words are ambiguous for stem/POS Constraint Grammar rules could be applied to select/remove what is needed.

If I could get part-of-speeches of Turkish words in dictionary I could use it in building apertium tr-ky bilingual dictionary. I am planning to cover at least 3000 of words in 12 days.

Kyrgyz Language morphological analyser/generator

I am developing it by using HFST (Open source project for developing morphological analyser/generators).I am still learning HFST, but simple Kyrgyz language analyser is ready according to Francis Tyers tutorial (http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Starting_a_new_language_with_HFST).

What is done already

An apertium project tr-ky is created as a project on SourceForge which consist of bilingual dictionary and simple Kyrgyz language morphological analyzer.

Work Plan

I tried to approximately plan my work according to GsoC given time line.

Community Bonding Period

• Set up working environment is done
• Familiarize with various Apertium tools needed for development.
• Gather grammar resources for Turkish-Kyrgyz languages.
• Get familiar with HFST.
• Figure out how to extract StarDict tr-ky dictionary into apertium-tr-ky bilingual dictionary
• Figure out a plan for kyrgyz morphological analyser/generator.

Week 1 Build apertium-tr-ky bilingual dictionary by extracting it from StarDict dictionary.

Week 2 Build apertium-tr-ky bilingual dictionary by extracting it from StarDict dictionary.

Deliverable 1: Bilingual tr-ky dictionary

Week 3 Preparing rules and theory of morphological analyzer/generator.

Week 4 Dealing with monolingual Kyrgyz dictionary for morphological analyzer/generator

Week 5 Dealing with monolingual Kyrgyz dictionary for morphological analyzer/generator Building morphological analyzer/generator for Kyrgyz language on HFST.

Week 6 Building morphological analyzer/generator for Kyrgyz language on HFST. Testing morphological analyzer/generator.

Week 7 Testing morphological analyzer/generator. Preparing documentation for morphological analyzer/generator.

Deliverable 2: kymorph working morphological analyzer/generator for Kyrgyz language

Week 8 Prepare transfer rules from Turkish-Kyrgyz language.

Week 9 Write a script for trimming lexica.

Week 10 Make work all deliverable together as a language pair apertium-tr-ky.

Week 11 Testing language pair apertium-tr-ky and fixing possible errors.

Week 12 Testing language pair apertium-tr-ky and fixing possible errors. Documentation of apertium-tr-ky language pair.

Deliverable 3: working apertium-tr-ky language pair

Non- Summer of Code plans

GsoC2011 is my main plan for this summer. I am employed at university as a teaching assistant but I am sure that I will have at least 35 free hours in a week to develop for Apertium.

Resources

1.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Apertium_New_Language_Pair_HOWTO
2.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Turkish_to_Azerbaijani
3.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Starting_a_new_language_with_HFST
4.http://www.let.rug.nl/~coltekin/trmorph/
5.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Kyrgyz
6.http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kieliteknologia/tutkimus/hfst/