English to Polish
Morphology
Nouns
Verbs
Polish has typically two forms for each verb, the perfective and the imperfective aspect. These usually come with a change in stem, for example:
| Imperfective | Perfective | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| widzieć | zobaczyć | to see |
| stawiać | postawić | to set up |
The perfective denotes a completed action. According to Wikipedia, "The aspectual distinctions exist on the lexical level — there is no unique method to form a perfective verb from a given imperfective one."[1]
- Apertium representation
As this is lexicalised, there is only one way to deal with it, and that is in the dictionaries, each verb will have two entries in the bilingual dictionary, one for perfective and one for imperfective.
Syntax
Articles
Polish doesn't have articles, so translating English→Polish, we'll need to remove them, translating Polish→English, we'll need to add them.
Mam piwo mieć+p1.sg.pres have+I beer+nom `I have a beer'
Word order
Basic English and Polish word order are the same, SVO, so not much should need to be done here.
Notes
- ↑ Wikipedia Grammatical aspect in Slavic languages
