Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkish"
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== Morphophonology == |
== Morphophonology == |
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=== The |
=== The behaviour of {y} === |
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There is need for |
There is need for a {y} "archiphoneme" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate, since by our guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear). |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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|+ |
|+Examples of {y} |
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! example !! After a vowel !! After a consonant |
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! {y}l{A} |
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| anne'''y'''le, baba'''y'''la || gözle, saçla |
| anne'''y'''le, baba'''y'''la || gözle, saçla |
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! {y}{A}c{A}{K} |
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| izle'''y'''ecek, oku'''y'''acak || gelecek, olacak |
| izle'''y'''ecek, oku'''y'''acak || gelecek, olacak |
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Revision as of 03:31, 3 June 2013
Morphophonology
The behaviour of {y}
There is need for a {y} "archiphoneme" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate, since by our guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).
example | After a vowel | After a consonant |
---|---|---|
{y}l{A} | anneyle, babayla | gözle, saçla |
{y}{A}c{A}{K} | izleyecek, okuyacak | gelecek, olacak |
Devoicing
category | alternating | voiceless | voiced | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiced | before %>: :Vow | never | always | |||
voiceless | syllable-finally | always | never | |||
examples | kitap/kitabı yurt/yurdu güç/gücü köpek/köpeği |
et/ediyor |
çöp/çöpü at/atı iç/içi halk/halkı |
yap/yapiyor bit/bitiyor iç/içiyor bak/bakiyor |
leb/lebi ad/adı hac/hacı (dağ/dağı) |
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nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | |
p/b | kitap cevap |
çöp | yap öp |
leb | — | |
t/d | yurt | et git güt |
devlet at |
tut bit eğit at |
ad | — |
ç/c | güç ağaç amaç haç |
iç suç |
iç seç kaç uç geç biç aç ölç saç |
hac kırbac |
— | |
k/ğ | kulak köpek |
halk mülk kök gök |
bak yak yık |
(dağ) | (yağ) (yığ) (doğ) |
Morphology
verbal noun | verbal adjective | verbal adverb | participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|
-m{I}ş | — | yes | yes -m{I}ş ol- | |
-m{A}{K} | yes | yes | yes -m{A}{K} iste- | |
-m{A} | yes | no (cf. yazma sınav) |
— | |
-{y}{A}c{A}{K} | yes | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{D}{I}{K} | yes¹,² | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{y}{A}r{A}{K} | yes | |||
-{i}p | yes |