Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkish"
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== Morphophonology == |
== Morphophonology == |
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=== The problem of {y} === |
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There is need for two {y} "archiphonemes" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate for both, since by our own guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear). |
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|+The two {y}s |
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|- |
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! !! example !! After a vowel !! After a consonant |
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|- |
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! {y1} !! {y}l{A} |
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| anne'''y'''le, baba'''y'''la || gözle, saçla |
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|- |
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! {y2} !! {y}{A}c{A}{K} |
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| izle'''y'''ecek, oku'''y'''acak || gelecek, olacak |
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|} |
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=== Devoicing === |
=== Devoicing === |
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Revision as of 03:30, 3 June 2013
Morphophonology
The problem of {y}
There is need for two {y} "archiphonemes" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate for both, since by our own guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).
example | After a vowel | After a consonant | |
---|---|---|---|
{y1} | {y}l{A} | anneyle, babayla | gözle, saçla |
{y2} | {y}{A}c{A}{K} | izleyecek, okuyacak | gelecek, olacak |
Devoicing
category | alternating | voiceless | voiced | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiced | before %>: :Vow | never | always | |||
voiceless | syllable-finally | always | never | |||
examples | kitap/kitabı yurt/yurdu güç/gücü köpek/köpeği |
et/ediyor |
çöp/çöpü at/atı iç/içi halk/halkı |
yap/yapiyor bit/bitiyor iç/içiyor bak/bakiyor |
leb/lebi ad/adı hac/hacı (dağ/dağı) |
|
nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | |
p/b | kitap cevap |
çöp | yap öp |
leb | — | |
t/d | yurt | et git güt |
devlet at |
tut bit eğit at |
ad | — |
ç/c | güç ağaç amaç haç |
iç suç |
iç seç kaç uç geç biç aç ölç saç |
hac kırbac |
— | |
k/ğ | kulak köpek |
halk mülk kök gök |
bak yak yık |
(dağ) | (yağ) (yığ) (doğ) |
Morphology
verbal noun | verbal adjective | verbal adverb | participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|
-m{I}ş | — | yes | yes -m{I}ş ol- | |
-m{A}{K} | yes | yes | yes -m{A}{K} iste- | |
-m{A} | yes | no (cf. yazma sınav) |
— | |
-{y}{A}c{A}{K} | yes | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{D}{I}{K} | yes¹,² | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{y}{A}r{A}{K} | yes | |||
-{i}p | yes |