List of symbols

Eventually this will be a glossary of symbol names in alphabetical order with notes. Some of these names are specific to particular packages or language pairs, as not all languages have the same grammatical features (most don't have spatial distinction in articles for example).

If you were wondering what the symbols #, /, @, +, ~ or * mean, read Apertium stream format.

Part-of-speech Categories

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
n	Noun	see 'np' for proper noun
vblex	Standard verb	see also: vbser, vbhaver, vbmod, vaux
vbmod	Modal verb
vbser	Verb "to be"	from ser (to be)
vbhaver	Verb "to have"	from haver (to have)
vaux	Auxilliary verb	wikipedia
adj	Adjective
adv	Adverb
preadv	Pre-adverb
postadv	Post-adverb
mod	Модальное слово	[1]
det	Determiner	wikipedia
prn	Pronoun	wikipedia
pr	Preposition	wikipedia
num	Numeral
np	Proper noun	From nom propi wikipedia
ij	Interjection	wikipedia
cnjcoo	Co-ordinating conjunction	wikipedia
cnjsub	Sub-ordinating conjunction
cnjadv	Conjunctive adverb	wikipedia
sent	Sentence-ending punctuation	e.g. full stop, question mark

Part-of-speech Sub-categories

Gender

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
f	Feminine
m	Masculine
nt	Neuter
ma	Masculine (animate)	Mostly in Slavic languages
mi	Masculine (inanimate)	Mostly in Slavic languages
mp	Masculine (personal)	in Polish
mn	Masculine and Neuter
fn	Feminine and Neuter
ut	Common	From utrum, found in Scandinavian languages.
mf	Masculine , feminine	This is used where the gender can be either masculine or feminine
mfn	Masculine , feminine , neuter	This is used where the gender can be either masculine, feminine or neuter
un	Common, neuter	As above, only common or neuter
GD	Gender to be determined

Count/Mass

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
cnt	Countable
unc	Uncountable (mass)

Number

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
sg	Singular
pl	Plural
du	Dual
ct	Count	see mk-bg
coll	Collective
sp	Singular , plural
ND	Number to be determined

Case

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
nom	Nominative
acc	Accusative
dat	Dative
gen	Genitive
dg	Dative and Genitive	in ro-es, discouraged in new developments
voc	Vocative
abl	Ablative
ins	Instrumental	wikipedia
loc	Locative	wikipedia
abl	Ablative	wikipedia
prp	Prepositional	wikipedia
tra	Translative
ill	Illative
ine	Inessive
ade	Adessive
all	Allative
abe	Abessive
ess	Essive
par	Partitive
dis	Distributive
com	Comitative
soc	Sociative
prl	Prolative

Voice

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
actv	Active voice
pasv,pass	Passive voice	<pass> is more used in Turkic, <pasv> in Germanic.
midv	Middle voice
nactv	Non-active voice	See Albanian.

Tense and mode

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
pres	Present
past	Past
imp	Imperative
inf	Infinitive
pp	Past participle	wikipedia
pp2	Past participle (???)	It's at least used in the Esperanto dictionaries for future active participles, ont (seems quite odd)
pp3	Past participle (???)	It's at least used in the Esperanto dictionaries for past active participles, int (seems quite odd)
pprs	Present participle	Also appears as ppres (deprecated)
ger	Gerund	wikipedia
pri	Present indicative	see also: pres. wikipedia
pii	Imperfect	from Pretério imperfecto de indicativo
fti	Future indicative
fts	Future subjunctive
cni	Conditional
plu	Pluperfect	In cy-en
pmp	Pluperfect	In es-gl (from Pluscamperfecto)
prs	Present subjunctive	wikipedia
pis	Imperfect subjunctive
ifi	Past definite	from Pretério perfecto o indefinido
aff	Affirmative
itg	Interrogative
neg	Negative

Derivations

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
caus	Causative

Possession

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
px1sg	First person singular possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px2sg	Second person singular possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px3sg	Third person singular possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px1pl	First person plural possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px2pl	Second person plural possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px3pl	Third person plural possessive	e.g. in Turkic languages
px3sp	Third person possessive singular/plural	e.g. in Turkic languages

Proper nouns

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
ant	Anthroponym	wikipedia
top	Toponym	In some language pairs without the locative case this may be loc. Although this should be changed. wikipedia
hyd	Hydronym	wikipedia
cog	Cognomen	In normal use, surnames
org	Organisation
al	Altres	Other, misc.

Person

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
p1	First person
p2	Second person
p3	Third person
impers	Impersonal	Sometimes called 'autonomous'

Animacy

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
aa	Animate
an	Animate / inanimate
nn	Inanimate

Adjectives

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
sint	Synthetic	"nice, nicer, nicest" is synthetic. "handsome, more handsome, the most handsome" is not. wikipedia
pst	Positive
comp	Comparative	wikipedia
sup	Superlative	wikipedia
attr	Attributive	wikipedia
pred	Predicative	wikipedia

Symbol	Gloss	Notes
tn	Tónico
detnt	Neuter determiner
predet	Pre determiner
atn	Atónico
qnt	Quantifier
ord	Ordinal
obj	Object
subj	Subject
pro	Proclitic
enc	Enclitic
acr	Acronym
rel	Relative
ind	Indefinite
itg	Interrogative
dem	Demonstrative
def	Definite
pos	Possesive
ref	Reflexive
prx	Proximate
dst	Distal

See also

Tag set for Turkic languages

Chunk tags

Tag	Description
<SN>	Noun phrase / noun group (sintagma nominal)
<SA>	Adjective phrase / adjective group
<SV>	Verb phrase / verb group (sintagma verbal)

XML tags

Note: All XML tags are explained in depth in the PDF documentation, see also the dix.dtd/dix.rng files in lttoolbox (svn).

XML tag	Means	Appears in XML tags / notes / examples
<dictionary>	Mono- or bilingual dictionary	In files apertium-eo-en.en.dix, apertium-eo-en.eo-en.dix, apertium-eo-en.post-en.dix, apertium-eo-en.post-eo.dix
<alphabet>	Set of characters in the language	In <dictionary>
<sdefs>	Symbol definitions	In <dictionary>
<sdef>	Symbol definition	In <sdefs>. Ex: <sdef n="noun"/>
<pardefs>	Paradigm definitions	In <dictionary>.
<pardef>	Paradigm definition	In <pardefs>.
<section>	A section of the dictionary	In <dictionary>. Ex: <section id="main" type="standard">
<e>	A dictionary entry (a word)	In <section> and in <pardef>.
<i>	Invariant (left and right side)	In <e>. Ex.: <i>beer</i>
<p>	A pair	In <e>.
<l>	Left side (surface form)	In <p>. Ex.: <l>beer</l>
<r>	Right side (lexical unit)	In <p>. Ex.: <r>beer<s n="noun"/><s n="singular"/></r>
<s>	A lexical symbol (noun, adj..)	In <r>, <l> and <i>. Ex.: <s n="noun"/>
<a>	Post-generator wake-up mark	In <r>, <l> and <i>. Ex.: <l><a/>a<s ... (for the a/an rule in English)
<b>	Blank space	In <r>, <l> and <i>. Ex.: <l>you're<b/>welcome<s ...

TODO: Probably there are more. --Jacob Nordfalk 14:47, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

Other tags:

<j/> (in stream format #) is to mark multiwords

<t/> and <v/> are only in crossdix
t = template, v = variable
t matches any single tag, v is like + in regexes (0 or more)

<sa/> and <prm/> are only used in metadixes.
'sa' lets you add n optional extra tag, prm is an extra string for the paradigm

Transfer

<clip> tag

See the documentation (pdf), p.144 for more information.

XML attribute value	Means	Appears in attribute	Notes
whole	lemma and grammatical symbols	part
lem	lemma	part
lemh	(inflected) head word of multiword	part
lemq	following queue of multiword	part

See also

• Syntax tags
• Apertium stream format
• FreeMind Apertium PoS