Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkmen"

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(→‎As a table: getting ready for more data)
Line 79: Line 79:
! !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs
! !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs
|-
|-
! p
! p/b
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| tarap
|valign="top"| tarap
|valign="top"| ýap<br />tap<br />çap<br />sep
|valign="top"| ýap<br />tap<br />çap<br />sep
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| klub
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|-
|-
! t
! t/d
|valign="top"| zat
|valign="top"| zat
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt
|valign="top"| döwlet
|valign="top"| döwlet
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet
|valign="top"| metod<br />milliard<br />wodoprowod<br />wodorod<br />wzwod
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| sorkuld
|-
|-
! ç
! ç/j
|valign="top"| güýç<br />gylyç
|valign="top"| güýç<br />gylyç
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| goç<br />saç
|valign="top"| goç<br />saç
|valign="top"| iç<br />seç
|valign="top"| iç<br />seç
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| massaj(?)
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|-
|-
! k
! k/g
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk
|valign="top"| ýyk<br />ýak
|valign="top"| ýyk<br />ýak
|valign="top"| aşak
|valign="top"| aşak
|valign="top"| bak
|valign="top"| bak
|valign="top"| sorag<br />ulag<br />çig<br />çyg<br />dolag<br />gyssag<br />dag
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| deg<br />sög<br />çig<br />eg<br />ýyg<br />bog<br />çog<br />çyzg<br />dog-<br />sag-<br />syg<br />ýag
|valign="top"|
|}
|}



Revision as of 07:08, 11 April 2012

Verb-final voicing

p t k ç
ýapmak ýapyp ýap>{U}p etmek edip et>{U}p bakmak bakýar bak>ý{Ä}r içmek içip iç>{U}p

list

Voicing doesn't happen

  • p
    • ýap>{U}p:ýapyp
    • sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
    • tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
    • tap>{U}p:tapyp
    • çap>{U}p:çapyp
    • sep>{U}p:sepip
  • t
    • ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
    • ýet>{U}p: ýetip
    • et>m{A}k etmek
    • döwlet>s{Y}n>n{Y} döwletini
  • ç
    • iç>{U}p:içip
    • goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
    • seç>{U}p:seçip
    • saç>{s}{I}{n}:saçy
  • k
    • bak>ý{Ä}r:bakýar
    • pişik>l{A}r:pişikler
    • aşak>{s}{Y}{n}:aşaky

Voicing happens

  • p
    • mekdep>{s}{Y}{n} mekdebi
    • sebäp>{s}{Y}{n}>{N}{Y} sebäbini
    • kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
    • jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
    • tep>{U}p tebip
  • t
    • et>{U}p:edip
    • et>ý{Ä}r edýär
    • git>{U}p gidip
    • döret>{U}p döredip
    • aýt>{U}p aýdyp
    • zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady
  • ç
    • güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji
    • gylyç>{s}{I}{n}:gylyjy
  • k
    • pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň
    • töwerek>{s}{Y}{n}töweregi
    • demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
    • hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy
    • ýak>{U}p:ýagyp
    • ýyk>{U}p:ýygyp

As a table

Assuming it's intervocalic (+before ý{Ä}r), we get

voiced between vowels never always
unvoiced syllable-finally always never
nouns verbs nouns verbs nouns verbs
p/b mekdep
sebäp
kitap
jogap
tarap ýap
tap
çap
sep
klub
t/d zat et
git
döret
aýt
döwlet ýat
ýet
metod
milliard
wodoprowod
wodorod
wzwod
sorkuld
ç/j güýç
gylyç
goç
saç

seç
massaj(?)
k/g pişik
töwerek
demirgazyk
hukuk
ýyk
ýak
aşak bak sorag
ulag
çig
çyg
dolag
gyssag
dag
deg
sög
çig
eg
ýyg
bog
çog
çyzg
dog-
sag-
syg
ýag