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|from his animal, from his house, from his mirror's,from Kerim's, from city's, from his father's |
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|from his animal, from his house, from his mirror's,from Kerim's, from city's, from his father's |
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=Adjectives morphology= |
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Adjectives in Kyrgyz language do not change with cases, possessions and with plural (-лар) suffix. |
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It has 4 levels : |
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1. Normal |
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2. Comparative |
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3. Forced |
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4. Slowing |
Revision as of 11:42, 1 June 2011
Noun morphology
- Missing rules
- "атым" works, "балам" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before м
ы:0 <=> %> _ м ;
- "балабыз" works, "атыбыз" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before быз
ы:0 <=> %> _ быз ;
- "бала+ңыз" works, "атыңыз" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before ңыз
ы:0 <=> %> _ ңыз ;
- These should all really be rules to epenthesise/insert /I/ (ы, и, у, ү) after a consonant before these endings.
Noun Person,Possessives
() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant
({I})м, 1sg
({I})ң, 2sg informal
({I})ң{I}з, 2sg formal
[с]{I}, 3sg
({I})б{I}з, 1pl
({I})ң{A}р, 2pl informal
({I})ң{I}зд{A}р, 2pl formal
[с]{I} 3pl
1st Person Possessives
Singular/Plural
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Suffix
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Example
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Gloss
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Singular
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-ым becomes-м if ends with vowel
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ат+ым,бала+м
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my horse, my son
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Plural
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-ыбыз become -быз if ends with vowel
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ат+ыбыз,бала+быз
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our horse, our son
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2nd Person Possessive
Singular/Plural
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Suffix
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Example
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Gloss
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Singular
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-ың becomes -ң if ends with vowel,-ыңыз becomes -ңыз if ends with vowel
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ат+ың,бала+ң,ат+ыңыз,бала+ңыз
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your horse, your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way)
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Plural
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-ыңар becomes -ңар if ends with vowel,-ыңыздар becomes -ңыздар if end with vowel
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ат+ыңар,бала+ңар,ат+ыңыздар,бала+ңыздар
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your horse,your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way)
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3rd Person Possessive
Singular/Plural
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Suffix
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Example
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Gloss
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--
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-ы becomes -сы when following vowel
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ат+ы,бала+сы
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his horse, his son
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General Possessive
Singular/Plural
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Suffix
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Example
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Gloss
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--
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-ныкы
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эл+дики,мал+дыкы,балаң+дыкы,тоо+нуку,төө+нүкү
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people's, livestock's, your son's, the mountain's, the camel's (as their own NPs)
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Noun cases
Case Name
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Suffixes
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absolute
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---
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genitive
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-нын, -нин, -дын, -дин, -тын, -тин, -нун, -нүн, -дун, -дүн, -тун, -түн
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dative
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-га, -ка, -ге, -ке, -го, -ко, -гө, -кө
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definite-accusative
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-ны, -ни, -ды, -ди, -ты, -ти, -ну, -нү, -ду, -дү, -ту, -тү
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locative
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-да, -де, -та, -те, -до, -дө, -то, -тө
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ablative
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-дан, -ден, -тан, -тен, -дон, -дөн, -тон, -төн
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Genitive, Rules for suffixes
Rules
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-нын,-ын transfromation
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Examples
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Gloss
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Ends with vowels
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-нын,-нун,-нин,нүн
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бала+нын, тоо+нун, эне+нин, төө+нүн
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child's, mountain's, mother's, camel's
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Ends with Voiced Consonants
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-дын,-дун,-дин,-дүн
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жаз+дын, коом+дун,билим+дин,көз+дүн
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spring's, community's, knowledge's, eye's
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Ends with Unvoiced Consonants
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-тын,-тун,-тин,-түн
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кат+тын,топ+тун, китеп+тин,өтүк+түн
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mail's, ball's, book's, shoe's
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Ends with Third persons Possesive -ы,-сы and -ныкы
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-нын,-нун,-нин,-нүн
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мал+ы+нын, саат+ы+нын, бала+сы+нын, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин
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his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s)
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Dative, rules for suffixes
Rules
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-га,-а transfromation
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Examples
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Gloss
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Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants
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-га,-го,-ге,-гө
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талаа+га, тоо+го,аскер+ге,көчө+гө,кыз+га,борбор+го,көл+гө
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to the field,to the mountain, to serve, to the girl,to the center, to the lake
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Ends with Unvoiced Consonants
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-ка,-ко,-ке,-кө
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таш+ка,от+ко,терек+ке,жүрөк+кө
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to the stone,to the fire,to the tree,to the heart
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Ends with First,Second and Third persons Possessive suffixes and with General Possessive suffix -ныкы
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-а,-е,-о,-ө
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саат+ым+а,саат+ың+а,короо+м+о,короо+ң+о,мекте<б>+иң+е, үйүм+ө,эже+син+е,бала+сын+а,мал+ын+а,ките<б>+ин+е
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to my watch, to your watch,to my garden,to your garded,to your school,to my house,to his/her sister,to his/her child,to his/her animal,to his/her book
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Definite-accusative, Rules for suffixes
Rules
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-ны,-ы transfromation
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Examples
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Gloss
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Ends with vowels
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-ны,-ну,-ни,нү
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парта+ны,кино+ну,терезе+ни,көчө+нү
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desk, cinema,window,street
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Ends with Voiced Consonants
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-ды,-ду,-ди,-дү
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кыз+ды,кулун+ду,жер+ди,жүзүм+дү
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girl,colt,place,grape
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Ends with Unvoiced Consonants
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-ты,-ту,-ти,-тү
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бакыт+ты,куш+ту,китеп+ти,күрөк+тү
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happiness, bird, book, shovel
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Ends with First and Second persons Possessive suffixes
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-(д)ы,-(д)у,-(д)и,-(д)ү
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бала+м+ды,бала+ң+ды,уул+ум+ду,ките<б>+им+ди,үй+үм+дү
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my child,your child,my son,my book,my house
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Ablative, Rules for suffixes
Rules
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-дан,-ан transfromation
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Examples
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Gloss
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Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants
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-дан,-дон, -ден,-дөн
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алма+дан,тоо+дон,киши+ден,үй+дөн,кагаз+дан,герб+ден
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from apple,from mountain,from person,from house,from paper,
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Ends with Unvoiced Consonants
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-тан,-тон,-тен,-төн
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таш+тан,от+тон,терек+тен,өрт+төн,топ+тон
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from stone, from fire, from tree, from fire, from ball
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Ends with First and Second persons singular Possessive suffixes
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-(д)ан,-(д)он,-(д)ен,-(д)өн
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бала+м+дан бала+м+ан,короо+м+дон короо+м+он,китеб+им+ден китеб+им+ен,көчө+ң+өн көчө+ң+дөн
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from my son, from my garden,from my book, from your street
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Ends with Third persons Possesive -ы,-сы and -ныкы
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-ан,-он,-ен,-өн
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мал+ы+нан,үй+ү+нөн,күзгү+сү+нөн,Керим+дики+нен, шаар+дыкы+нан, ата+сы+ныкы+нан
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from his animal, from his house, from his mirror's,from Kerim's, from city's, from his father's
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Adjectives morphology
Adjectives in Kyrgyz language do not change with cases, possessions and with plural (-лар) suffix.
It has 4 levels :
1. Normal
2. Comparative
3. Forced
4. Slowing