Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Kyrgyz language"
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| <s>мал+ы+нын</s>, <s>саат+ы+нын</s>, <s>бала+сы+нын</s>, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин |
| <s>мал+ы+нын</s>, <s>саат+ы+нын</s>, <s>бала+сы+нын</s>, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин |
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|his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s) |
|his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s) |
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|} |
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=== Dative, rules for suffixes === |
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" |
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|- |
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! Rules |
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! -га,-а transfromation |
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! Examples |
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! Gloss |
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|- |
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| Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants |
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| -га,-го,-ге,-гө |
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| талаа+га, тоо+го,аскер+ге,көчө+гө,кыз+га,борбор+го,көл+гө |
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| to the field,to the mountain, to serve, to the girl,to the center, to the lake |
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|- |
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| Ends with Unvoiced Consonants |
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| -ка,-ко,-ке,-кө |
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| таш+ка,от+ко,терек+ке,жүрөк+кө |
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| to the stone,to the fire,to the tree,to the heart |
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|- |
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| Ends with First,Second and Third persons Possessive suffixes and with General Possessive suffix -ныкы |
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| -а,-е,-о,-ө |
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| саат+ым+а,саат+ың+а,короо+м+о,короо+ң+о,мекте<б>+иң+е,үйүм+ө,эже+син+е,бала+сын+а,мал+ын+а,ките<б>+ин+е |
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|to my watch, to your watch,to my garden,to your garded,to your school,to my house,to his/her sister,to his/her child,to his/her animal,to his/her book |
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Revision as of 08:57, 13 May 2011
Contents
Noun morphology
- Missing rules
- "атым" works, "балам" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before м
ы:0 <=> %> _ м ;
- "балабыз" works, "атыбыз" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before быз
ы:0 <=> %> _ быз ;
- "бала+ңыз" works, "атыңыз" doesn't
- Rule: delete ы after %> and before ңыз
ы:0 <=> %> _ ңыз ;
- These should all really be rules to epenthesise/insert /I/ (ы, и, у, ү) after a consonant before these endings.
Noun Person,Possessives
() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant
({I})м, 1sg ({I})ң, 2sg informal ({I})ң{I}з, 2sg formal [с]{I}, 3sg ({I})б{I}з, 1pl ({I})ң{A}р, 2pl informal ({I})ң{I}зд{A}р, 2pl formal [с]{I} 3pl
1st Person Possessives
Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | -ым becomes-м if ends with vowel | my horse, my son | |
Plural | -ыбыз become -быз if ends with vowel | our horse, our son |
2nd Person Possessive
Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | -ың becomes -ң if ends with vowel,-ыңыз becomes -ңыз if ends with vowel | your horse, your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way) | |
Plural | -ыңар becomes -ңар if ends with vowel,-ыңыздар becomes -ңыздар if end with vowel | your horse,your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way) |
3rd Person Possessive
Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
-- | -ы becomes -сы when following vowel | his horse, his son |
General Possessive
Singular/Plural | Suffix | Example | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
-- | -ныкы | people's, livestock's, your son's, the mountain's, the camel's (as their own NPs) |
Noun cases
Case Name | Suffixes |
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absolute | --- |
genitive | -нын, -нин, -дын, -дин, -тын, -тин, -нун, -нүн, -дун, -дүн, -тун, -түн |
dative | -га, -ка, -ге, -ке, -го, -ко, -гө, -кө |
definite-accusative | -ны, -ни, -ды, -ди, -ты, -ти, -ну, -нү, -ду, -дү, -ту, -тү |
locative | -да, -де, -та, -те, -до, -дө, -то, -тө |
ablative | -дан, -ден, -тан, -тен, -дон, -дөн, -тон, -төн |
Genitive, Rules for suffixes
Rules | -нын,-ын transfromation | Examples | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
Ends with vowels | -нын,-нун,-нин,нүн | child's, mountain's, mother's, camel's | |
Ends with Voiced Consonants | -дын,-дун,-дин,-дүн | spring's, community's, knowledge's, eye's | |
Ends with Unvoiced Consonants | -тын,-тун,-тин,-түн | mail's, ball's, book's, shoe's | |
Ends with Third persons Possesive -ы,-сы and -ныкы | -нын,-нун,-нин,-нүн | his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s) |
Dative, rules for suffixes
Rules | -га,-а transfromation | Examples | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|
Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants | -га,-го,-ге,-гө | талаа+га, тоо+го,аскер+ге,көчө+гө,кыз+га,борбор+го,көл+гө | to the field,to the mountain, to serve, to the girl,to the center, to the lake |
Ends with Unvoiced Consonants | -ка,-ко,-ке,-кө | таш+ка,от+ко,терек+ке,жүрөк+кө | to the stone,to the fire,to the tree,to the heart |
Ends with First,Second and Third persons Possessive suffixes and with General Possessive suffix -ныкы | -а,-е,-о,-ө | саат+ым+а,саат+ың+а,короо+м+о,короо+ң+о,мекте<б>+иң+е,үйүм+ө,эже+син+е,бала+сын+а,мал+ын+а,ките<б>+ин+е | to my watch, to your watch,to my garden,to your garded,to your school,to my house,to his/her sister,to his/her child,to his/her animal,to his/her book |