Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Kyrgyz language"

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| <s>мал+ы+нын</s>, <s>саат+ы+нын</s>, <s>бала+сы+нын</s>, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин
| <s>мал+ы+нын</s>, <s>саат+ы+нын</s>, <s>бала+сы+нын</s>, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин
|his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s)
|his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s)
|}

=== Dative, rules for suffixes ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! Rules
! -га,-а transfromation
! Examples
! Gloss
|-
| Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants
| -га,-го,-ге,-гө
| талаа+га, тоо+го,аскер+ге,көчө+гө,кыз+га,борбор+го,көл+гө
| to the field,to the mountain, to serve, to the girl,to the center, to the lake
|-
| Ends with Unvoiced Consonants
| -ка,-ко,-ке,-кө
| таш+ка,от+ко,терек+ке,жүрөк+кө
| to the stone,to the fire,to the tree,to the heart
|-
| Ends with First,Second and Third persons Possessive suffixes and with General Possessive suffix -ныкы
| -а,-е,-о,-ө
| саат+ым+а,саат+ың+а,короо+м+о,короо+ң+о,мекте<б>+иң+е,үйүм+ө,эже+син+е,бала+сын+а,мал+ын+а,ките<б>+ин+е
|to my watch, to your watch,to my garden,to your garded,to your school,to my house,to his/her sister,to his/her child,to his/her animal,to his/her book
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:57, 13 May 2011

Noun morphology

Missing rules
  1. "атым" works, "балам" doesn't
    1. Rule: delete ы after %> and before м
    2. ы:0 <=> %> _ м ;
  1. "балабыз" works, "атыбыз" doesn't
    1. Rule: delete ы after %> and before быз
    2. ы:0 <=> %> _ быз ;
  1. "бала+ңыз" works, "атыңыз" doesn't
    1. Rule: delete ы after %> and before ңыз
    2. ы:0 <=> %> _ ңыз ;
  • These should all really be rules to epenthesise/insert /I/ (ы, и, у, ү) after a consonant before these endings.

Noun Person,Possessives

() = after vowel, [] = after consonant, {} = archivowel/consonant

({I})м,                1sg
({I})ң,                2sg informal
({I})ң{I}з,            2sg formal 
[с]{I},                3sg 
({I})б{I}з,            1pl
({I})ң{A}р,            2pl informal
({I})ң{I}зд{A}р,       2pl formal
[с]{I}                 3pl

1st Person Possessives

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
Singular -ым becomes-м if ends with vowel ат+ым,бала+м my horse, my son
Plural -ыбыз become -быз if ends with vowel ат+ыбыз,бала+быз our horse, our son

2nd Person Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
Singular -ың becomes -ң if ends with vowel,-ыңыз becomes -ңыз if ends with vowel ат+ың,бала+ң,ат+ыңыз,бала+ңыз your horse, your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way)
Plural -ыңар becomes -ңар if ends with vowel,-ыңыздар becomes -ңыздар if end with vowel ат+ыңар,бала+ңар,ат+ыңыздар,бала+ңыздар your horse,your son, your horse(kind way),your son(kind way)

3rd Person Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
-- -ы becomes -сы when following vowel ат+ы,бала+сы his horse, his son

General Possessive

Singular/Plural Suffix Example Gloss
-- -ныкы эл+дики,мал+дыкы,балаң+дыкы,тоо+нуку,төө+нүкү people's, livestock's, your son's, the mountain's, the camel's (as their own NPs)

Noun cases

Case Name Suffixes
absolute ---
genitive -нын, -нин, -дын, -дин, -тын, -тин, -нун, -нүн, -дун, -дүн, -тун, -түн
dative -га, -ка, -ге, -ке, -го, -ко, -гө, -кө
definite-accusative -ны, -ни, -ды, -ди, -ты, -ти, -ну, -нү, -ду, -дү, -ту, -тү
locative -да, -де, -та, -те, -до, -дө, -то, -тө
ablative -дан, -ден, -тан, -тен, -дон, -дөн, -тон, -төн

Genitive, Rules for suffixes

Rules -нын,-ын transfromation Examples Gloss
Ends with vowels -нын,-нун,-нин,нүн бала+нын, тоо+нун, эне+нин, төө+нүн child's, mountain's, mother's, camel's
Ends with Voiced Consonants -дын,-дун,-дин,-дүн жаз+дын, коом+дун,билим+дин,көз+дүн spring's, community's, knowledge's, eye's
Ends with Unvoiced Consonants -тын,-тун,-тин,-түн кат+тын,топ+тун, китеп+тин,өтүк+түн mail's, ball's, book's, shoe's
Ends with Third persons Possesive -ы,-сы and -ныкы -нын,-нун,-нин,-нүн мал+ы+нын, саат+ы+нын, бала+сы+нын, ини+си+нин, үй+ү+нүн, короо+су+нун, мектеп+тики+нин his animal's, his watch's, his child's, his brother's, his house's, his garden's, the school's's (e.g., the school's[ book]'s)

Dative, rules for suffixes

Rules -га,-а transfromation Examples Gloss
Ends with vowels and Voiced Consonants -га,-го,-ге,-гө талаа+га, тоо+го,аскер+ге,көчө+гө,кыз+га,борбор+го,көл+гө to the field,to the mountain, to serve, to the girl,to the center, to the lake
Ends with Unvoiced Consonants -ка,-ко,-ке,-кө таш+ка,от+ко,терек+ке,жүрөк+кө to the stone,to the fire,to the tree,to the heart
Ends with First,Second and Third persons Possessive suffixes and with General Possessive suffix -ныкы -а,-е,-о,-ө саат+ым+а,саат+ың+а,короо+м+о,короо+ң+о,мекте<б>+иң+е,үйүм+ө,эже+син+е,бала+сын+а,мал+ын+а,ките<б>+ин+е to my watch, to your watch,to my garden,to your garded,to your school,to my house,to his/her sister,to his/her child,to his/her animal,to his/her book