User:Gantu/Application

Mirlan Ipasov

gantu on IRC: #apertium, #hfst

Bio

• B. Computer Science at IAAU Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan http://www.iaau.edu.kg in 2000-2004
• MTech in Artificial Intelligence at HCU Hyderabad/India 2005-2007
• PhD Student at IAAU 2010-Approximate completing year 2014
• System Administrator at IAAU Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan 2004-2005
• Software Developer BaraanSoft Hyderabad/India 2005-2007
• Teaching Assistant at IAAU 2008

Languages:

• Native: Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkish
• Fluent: English
• Some: Kazakh,Uzbek

Programming:

• Java, Python, C

Developing new Turkish (tr) → Kyrgyz (ky) apertium language pair.

Apertium is one of the effective and developing and at the same time working out of the box open source project based on machine translation out there. In almost all machine translation projects the Turkic languages are very poorly developed, some languages are not developed at all. I will develop a new Turkic language pair Turkish (tr)-Kyrgyz (ky) where Kyrgyz (ky) side will be completely developed from scratch.And apertium project has all of the tools and platform to do that. I have personal interest in machine translation. Several times i tried to participate to such kind of a project but because of some circumstances i could not achieved it.In this summer i do not have any plans like internship or class taking. Google and Apertium should sponsor it because as a part of this project a new bilingual dictionary and morphological analyzer/generator for Kyrgyz language will be developed. Both of them could be used in many purposes. The project deliverable could be used as translation tool from tr-ky and as educational tool as well. And it could help as a tutorial for other Turkic based languages.

Deliverables:

1. Bilingual tr-ky dictionary

• will be prepared from already developed starDict dictionary has almost 4,600 unique entries.
• 2-days investigation
• 12-days for dictionary build up
• total 2 weeks of work

2. A Morphological analyser/generator for Kyrgyz (ky)

• 7-days of investigation and reading
• 21-days of programming and preparing analyser/generator
• 7-days for testing and documentation
• total of approximately 5 weeks.

3. Transfer rules.

• 7-days of reading,preparing and testing transfer rules.
• total of 1 weeks

4. Script to trim lexica

• 7-days of reading, programming and testing.
• total of 1 week

5. Deploying all into apertium and preparing apertium tr-ky language pair.

• 10-days Testing translations and correcting errors.
• 11-days Documentation
• total of 3 weeks

Language Information

Noun morphology

Kyrgyz language has several cases:

• absolute,
• definite-accusative,
• dative,
• locative,
• ablative,
• genitive
  

Words in Kyrgyz language morphologically built by applying suffixes in following order:

• plural suffix
  
• suffix of possession
  
• personal suffix
  
• case-ending
  

 
китеп (kitep)= book is the stem
китеп+plural+pronoun китептер (kitepter)
китептер (kitepter) is books
китептеримден (kitepterimden)  китеп +(pl)тер +(pronoun)им +(case)ден	from by books

A noun has 5 cases

ky	Gloss	tr
китеп (kitep)	book	kitap
китептин (kiteptin)	of that book	o kitabın
китепке (kitepke)	to that book	o kitaba
китепти (kitepti)	that book	o kitabı
китепте (kitepte)	in that book	o kitapta
китептен (kitepten)	from that book	o kitaptan

Agglutination case

ex:

verb = окуу (okuu) = to read, stem = оку (oku) read

(ky) окуп жатам (okwp jatam )
	оку+п жат+ам (present continous, pr1, kyrgyz)
	I am reading

(Mostly verbs in present continuous tense defined by two verbs. ex: оку+п жат+ам, жатам --> helping verb to define the present continuous tense).

(tr) okuyorum
	oku+yor+um (present continous, pr1, turkish)
	I am reading
	
	gidiyorum = I am going
	git (lemma) -i -yor (for continuous tense) -um (for first personal pronoun)   (Turkish)

(ky) окуп жатам (okup žatam) = I am reading
	оку (lemma) +п(for continuous tense) жат(second verb for continuous tense) +ам (for first personal pronoun) (present continuous, p1sg, kyrgyz)

	окудум (okudum) = I read
	оку (lemma) +ду (for past tense) +м(for first personal pronoun) (past tense, p1sg, Kyrgyz)

Vowel harmony

Generally there is vowel harmony in Kyrgyz language but words imported from other languages like Russian do not obey vowel harmony restrictions.

китеп         (kitep)		book
китептер      (kitepter)	books
китептерим    (kitepterim)	my books

китептеримден           (kitepterimden) 
китеп.тер.им.ден	
китеп+Pl+Px1Sg+Abl	
`From my books.'

In Turkish the word "bira" (beer) is imported from French, and in Kyrgyz, пиво "pivo" is imported from Russian

пиво (pivo)			beer
пивалар (pivalar)		beers
пиваларым (pïvalarım)	my beers
пиваларымдан (pïvalarımdan)	from my beers

Noun and Verb comparisons

Noun :

Kyrgyz	Turkish	Gloss
китеп (kitep)	kitab	book
китептер (kitepter)	kitaplar	books
китебим (kitebim)	kitabım	my book
китептерим (kitepterim)	kitaplarım	my books
китептен (kitepten)	kitaptan	from book
китептерден (kitepterden)	kitaplardan	from books
китебимден (kitebimden)	kitabımdan	from my book
китептеримден (kitepterimden)	kitaplarımdan	from my books

Verb:

Kyrgyz	Turkish	Gloss
ойнойм (ojnojm)	oynarım	I play
ойнойсуң (ojnojsuŋ)	oynarsın	You play
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	He plays
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	She plays
ойнойт (ojnojt)	oynar	It plays
ойнойсуңуз (ojnojsuŋuz)	oynarsınız	You (pl.) play
ойнойбуз (ojnojbuz)	oynarız	We play
ойнощот (ojnošot)	oynarlar	The play

Dictionary Information

As I mentioned above one part of the project is building bilingual dictionary. Fortunately I am not going to build it from nothing. There is StarDict version of Turkish-Kyrgyz dictionary without part-of-speech definitions. StarDict tr-ky dictionary consist 4,600 unique entries of nouns and verbs mixed. Part-of-speech could be extracted by using trmorph (open-source Turkish morphological analyser).

Lexical Selection Example:

Verb (tr) çalışmak (en) to work 

(tr) Ahmet fabrikada çalışıyor. (en) Ahmet is working in a factory.  (ky) Ахмет фабрикада иштейт (Axmet fabrikada ištejt)
(tr) Ahmet ders çalışıyor.      (en) Ahmet is studying.              (ky) Ахмет сабак окул жатат. (Axmet sabak okul žatat)

Adjective (tr) hasta (en) ill

(tr) Ahmet hasta.     (en) Ahmet is ill.               (ky) Ахмет ооруп жатат.         (Ahmet oorup žatat)
(tr) Hasta geldi.     (en) (the) ill (person) arrived  (ky) оорулуу келди. (Ooruluu keldi)

If the words are ambiguous for stem/POS Constraint Grammar rules could be applied to select/remove what is needed.

If I could get part-of-speeches of Turkish words in dictionary I could use it in building apertium tr-ky bilingual dictionary. I am planning to cover at least 3000 of words in 12 days.

Kyrgyz Language morphological analyser/generator

I am developing it by using HFST (Open source project for developing morphological analyser/generators).I am still learning HFST, but simple Kyrgyz language analyser is ready according to Francis Tyers tutorial (http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Starting_a_new_language_with_HFST).

What is done already

An apertium project tr-ky is created as a project on SourceForge which consist of bilingual dictionary and simple Kyrgyz language morphological analyzer.

Resources

1.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Apertium_New_Language_Pair_HOWTO
2.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Turkish_to_Azerbaijani
3.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Starting_a_new_language_with_HFST
4.http://www.let.rug.nl/~coltekin/trmorph/
5.http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Kyrgyz
6.http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/kieliteknologia/tutkimus/hfst/