Difference between revisions of "Turkic languages/Ki"

Revision as of 12:54, 13 September 2023

The various "ki"s in Turkic (and Mongolic!).

usage	attaches to	resulting form	forms	examples
attributive locative	~locative	`<attr>`	^(kaz) -DAGI ^(kir) -DAGI ^(uzb) -dagi ^(tur) -DAki ^(sah) -TAAGI ^(khk) dAx(ʲ)	^(kaz) Бақшадағы ағаштар ^(kir) Бакчадагы дарактар ^(uzb) Bog'chadagi daraxtlar ^(tur) Bahçedeki ağaçlar ^(sah) Садтааҕы мастар ^(khk) Цэцэрлэг дэхь моднууд
substantival genitive	~genitive	`<subst>`	^(kaz) -Niki(n) ^(kir) -NIKI(n) ^(uzb) -niki ^(tur) -(n)Inki(n) ^(sah) — ^(khk) -nIx/-Inx	^(kaz) Сол ағаш біздікі ^(kir) Ошол дарак биздики ^(uzb) Shu daraxt bizniki ^(tur) Şu ağaç bizimki ^(khk) Тэр мод биднийх
attributive ~time adverbs	closed set of adverbs (mostly time)	`<attr>`	^(kaz) -GI ^(kir) -KI ^(uzb) -gi ^(tur) -ki/-kI ^(sah) -ŋI/-GI ^(chv) -хи ^(khk) -х	^(kaz) бүгінгі, былтырғы ^(kir) бүгүнкү, былтыркы ^(uzb) bugungi, bulturgi ^(tur) bugünkü, geçen yılki ^(sah) бүгүҥҥү, былырыыҥҥы ^(chv) паянхи, пĕлтĕрхи ^(khk) өмнөх, дараах
relative thingy	finite phrase (adverb, verb)	lambda(adverb phrase)??	^(kaz) — ^(kir) — ^(uzb) ki? ^(tur) ki ^(khk) — ^(sah) —	^(tur) Tabii ki, ... ^(tur) Dedim ki, ... ^(tur) Sanırım (ki), ...

Khalkha -x seems not to occur with temporal adverbs as in Turkic? In some Turkic languages this usage is quite productive, cf. forms like эртең мененки (kir).
In Sakha, evidence for -ŋI is forms like бэҕэһээҥи, while evidence for -GI is forms like аныгы. In all other environments (except after vowels) it's impossible to distinguish the two (сарсыҥҥы, быйылгы, аныгыскы, etc.).
What is кэнники (sah)?
How do forms like биһиэнэ (sah) work, and can it apply to nouns? (Seems no?)
The forms биһиги, эһиги might be remnants of <tag>gen</tag><tag>subst</tag>, but they are not used that way currently.

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 * {{slc|tur}} -ki/-kI
 * {{slc|sah}} -ŋI/-GI
+* {{slc|chv}} -хи
 * {{slc|khk}} -х
 |