Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Kumyk"
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Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Язгъан болгъанманмы? “Писал ли я когда-то?”, “Написал ли я когда-то?” |
Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Язгъан болгъанманмы? “Писал ли я когда-то?”, “Написал ли я когда-то?” |
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==Tagset== |
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{|class=wikitable |
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! Tag !! Morpheme !! Description |
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|- |
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| {{tag|n}} || <code>-</code> || Noun |
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|- |
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| {{tag|v}} || <code>-</code> || Verb |
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| {{tag|np}} || <code>-</code> || Proper noun |
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|- |
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| {{tag|ij}} || <code>-</code> || Interjection |
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| {{tag|num}} || <code>-</code> || Numeral |
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| {{tag|adj}} || <code>-</code> || Adjective |
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| {{tag|cop}} || <code>-</code> || Copula |
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| {{tag|det}} || <code>-</code> || Determiner |
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|- |
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| {{tag|prn}} || <code>-</code> || Pronoun |
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| {{tag|adv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverb |
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| {{tag|post}} || <code>-</code> || Postposition |
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| {{tag|vaux}} || <code>-</code> || Auxiliary verb |
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| {{tag|postadv}} || <code>-</code> || Postadverb |
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| {{tag|cnjsub}} || <code>-</code> || Subordinating conjunction |
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| {{tag|cnjcoo}} || <code>-</code> || Coordinating conjunction |
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| {{tag|cnjadv}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial conjunction |
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| {{tag|emph}} || <code>-</code> || Emphatic word |
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| {{tag|abbr}} || <code>-</code> || Abbreviation |
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| {{tag|qst}} || <code>-</code> || Question word |
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| {{tag|attr}} || <code>-</code> || Attributive (modifier) |
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|- |
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| {{tag|subst}} || <code>-</code> || Substantive |
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| {{tag|advl}} || <code>-</code> || Adverbial |
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| {{tag|top}} || <code>-</code> || Toponym |
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| {{tag|ant}} || <code>-</code> || Anthroponym (first name) |
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| {{tag|cog}} || <code>-</code> || Second name |
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| {{tag|pat}} || <code>-</code> || Patronymic |
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| {{tag|pers}} || <code>-</code> || Personal |
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| {{tag|acr}} || <code>-</code> || Acronym |
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| {{tag|al}} || <code>-</code> || Other |
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| {{tag|ind}} || <code>-</code> || Indefinite |
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| {{tag|dem}} || <code>-</code> || Demonstrative |
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| {{tag|recip}} || <code>-</code> || Reciprocal |
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| {{tag|itg}} || <code>-</code> || Interrogative |
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| {{tag|qnt}} || <code>-</code> || Quantifier |
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| {{tag|ord}} || <code>-</code> || Ordinal |
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| {{tag|ref}} || <code>-</code> || Reflexive |
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| {{tag|m}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine |
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| {{tag|f}} || <code>-</code> || Feminine |
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| {{tag|mf}} || <code>-</code> || Masculine/feminine |
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| {{tag|sg}} || <code>-</code> || Singular |
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| {{tag|pl}} || <code>-</code> || Plural |
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| {{tag|p1}} || <code>-</code> || First person |
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| {{tag|p2}} || <code>-</code> || Second person |
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| {{tag|p3}} || <code>-</code> || Third person |
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| {{tag|px}} || <code>-NIKI</code> || Possessive |
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| {{tag|px1sg}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: First person singular |
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| {{tag|px2sg}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: Second person singular |
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|- |
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| {{tag|px3sp}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: Third person singular/plural |
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|- |
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| {{tag|px1pl}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: First person plural |
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|- |
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| {{tag|px2pl}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: Second person plural |
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|- |
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| {{tag|px3pl}} || <code>-</code> || Possessive: Third person plural |
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| {{tag|nom}} || <code>-</code> || Nominative |
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| {{tag|gen}} || <code>-</code> || Genitive |
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| {{tag|dat}} || <code>-</code> || Dative |
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| {{tag|acc}} || <code>-</code> || Accusative |
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| {{tag|loc}} || <code>-д{A}</code> || Locative |
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| {{tag|abl}} || <code>-д{A}н</code> || Ablative |
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| {{tag|abe}} || <code>-</code> || Abessive |
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| {{tag|sim}} || <code>д{A}й</code> || Similative |
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| {{tag|iv}} || <code>-</code> || Intransitive |
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| {{tag|tv}} || <code>-</code> || Transitive |
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| {{tag|pass}} || <code>-{I}л</code> || Passive |
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| {{tag|coop}} || <code>-{I}ш</code> || Cooperative |
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| {{tag|caus}} || <code>-</code> || Causative |
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| {{tag|neg}} || <code>-</code> || Negative |
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| {{tag|fut}} || <code>-</code> || Future |
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| {{tag|aor}} || <code>-{E}</code> || Aorist |
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| {{tag|past}} || <code>-</code> || Past |
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| {{tag|pros}} || <code>-{A}ж{A}к</code> || Prospective |
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| {{tag|ifi}} || <code>-</code> || Past definite |
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| {{tag|imp}} || <code>-</code> || Imperative |
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| {{tag|opt}} || <code>-</code> || Optative |
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| {{tag|inf}} || <code>-м{A}к</code> || Infinitive |
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| {{tag|ger}} || <code>-</code> || Gerund |
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| {{tag|ger1}} || <code>-</code> || Gerund #1 |
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| {{tag|ger_past}} || <code>-</code> || Past gerund |
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|- |
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| {{tag|ger_pros}} || <code>-</code> || Prospective gerund |
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| {{tag|ger_impf}} || <code>-</code> || Imperfective gerund |
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| {{tag|prc_perf}} || <code>-</code> || Perfect participle |
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| {{tag|prc_impf}} || <code>-</code> || Imperfective participle |
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| {{tag|prc_cond}} || <code>-</code> || Conditional participle |
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| {{tag|prc_vol}} || <code>-</code> || Volitional participle |
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| {{tag|gna_perf}} || <code>-</code> || Perfective verbal adverb |
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| {{tag|gna_cond}} || <code>-</code> || Conditional verbal adverb |
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| {{tag|gna_until}} || <code>-</code> || Verbal adverb "until..." |
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| {{tag|gna_after}} || <code>-</code> || Verbal adverb "after..." |
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| {{tag|gpr_past}} || <code>-</code> || Past verbal adjective |
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|- |
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| {{tag|gpr_perf}} || <code>-</code> || Perfective verbal adjective |
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|- |
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| {{tag|gpr_impf}} || <code>-</code> || Imperfective verbal adjective |
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|} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 12:11, 16 October 2013
Stuff about Kumyk.
Non-finite forms
- -GAnlI: "since..."
- Бизин уьлке янгы девюрде, янгы къурумда оьмюр сюрегенли 20 йылгъа ювукъ бола.
- -GAnčA: "until..."
- Йырчы Къазакъгъа гьали болгъанча ялаябылып турагъанлыкъ огъар бугьтан болуп токътай.
- In kaz,lexc
- Йырчы Къазакъгъа гьали болгъанча ялаябылып турагъанлыкъ огъар бугьтан болуп токътай.
%<gna_until%> ! -{G}{A}нш{A} !# "Мен кеткенше ол жауап бермейді.";
- In tat.lexc
%<gna_until%> ! -{G}{A}нч{I} ! (name covers only the temporal meaning of it, form has more) !# "Авылның басу капкасына _җиткәнче_ эңгер-меңгердә карлы юлдан !# озак кайта ул.";
Аффикс вопроса
- Прошедшее незаконченное время (Битмеген гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴
Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять и после основного глагола на -а, -е, -й, и после вспомогательного глагола эди: язамы эдинг? // яза эдингми? Предпочтение отдают форме язамы эдинг?
- Прошедшее незаконченное время (Битмеген гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴
Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Айта болгъанмы? “Говорил ли?”
- Настоящее время (Гьалиги заман) ⤴
Вопросительная форма – Сорав форма Единственное число Множественное число Мен бараманмы? – я иду? Биз барабызмы? – мы идем? Сен барамысан? – ты идешь? Сиз барамысыз? – вы идете? О, ол барамы? – он идет? Олар барамы? – они идут?
- Давнопрошедшее время (Тезден гетген заман) в кумыкском языке ⤴
Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять и после основного глагола на -гъан и после вспомогательного глагола эди: Язгъанмы эдим // язгъан эдимми? “Писал (написал) ли я когда-то?”, “Писал (написал) ли я прежде?”.
Постановка аффикса вопроса: аффикс вопроса может стоять только после вспомогательного глагола: Язгъан болгъанманмы? “Писал ли я когда-то?”, “Написал ли я когда-то?”
Tagset
Tag | Morpheme | Description |
---|---|---|
<n> |
- |
Noun |
<v> |
- |
Verb |
<np> |
- |
Proper noun |
<ij> |
- |
Interjection |
<num> |
- |
Numeral |
<adj> |
- |
Adjective |
<cop> |
- |
Copula |
<det> |
- |
Determiner |
<prn> |
- |
Pronoun |
<adv> |
- |
Adverb |
<post> |
- |
Postposition |
<vaux> |
- |
Auxiliary verb |
<postadv> |
- |
Postadverb |
<cnjsub> |
- |
Subordinating conjunction |
<cnjcoo> |
- |
Coordinating conjunction |
<cnjadv> |
- |
Adverbial conjunction |
<emph> |
- |
Emphatic word |
<abbr> |
- |
Abbreviation |
<qst> |
- |
Question word |
<attr> |
- |
Attributive (modifier) |
<subst> |
- |
Substantive |
<advl> |
- |
Adverbial |
<top> |
- |
Toponym |
<ant> |
- |
Anthroponym (first name) |
<cog> |
- |
Second name |
<pat> |
- |
Patronymic |
<pers> |
- |
Personal |
<acr> |
- |
Acronym |
<al> |
- |
Other |
<ind> |
- |
Indefinite |
<dem> |
- |
Demonstrative |
<recip> |
- |
Reciprocal |
<itg> |
- |
Interrogative |
<qnt> |
- |
Quantifier |
<ord> |
- |
Ordinal |
<ref> |
- |
Reflexive |
<m> |
- |
Masculine |
<f> |
- |
Feminine |
<mf> |
- |
Masculine/feminine |
<sg> |
- |
Singular |
<pl> |
- |
Plural |
<p1> |
- |
First person |
<p2> |
- |
Second person |
<p3> |
- |
Third person |
<px> |
-NIKI |
Possessive |
<px1sg> |
- |
Possessive: First person singular |
<px2sg> |
- |
Possessive: Second person singular |
<px3sp> |
- |
Possessive: Third person singular/plural |
<px1pl> |
- |
Possessive: First person plural |
<px2pl> |
- |
Possessive: Second person plural |
<px3pl> |
- |
Possessive: Third person plural |
<nom> |
- |
Nominative |
<gen> |
- |
Genitive |
<dat> |
- |
Dative |
<acc> |
- |
Accusative |
<loc> |
-д{A} |
Locative |
<abl> |
-д{A}н |
Ablative |
<abe> |
- |
Abessive |
<sim> |
д{A}й |
Similative |
<iv> |
- |
Intransitive |
<tv> |
- |
Transitive |
<pass> |
-{I}л |
Passive |
<coop> |
-{I}ш |
Cooperative |
<caus> |
- |
Causative |
<neg> |
- |
Negative |
<fut> |
- |
Future |
<aor> |
-{E} |
Aorist |
<past> |
- |
Past |
<pros> |
-{A}ж{A}к |
Prospective |
<ifi> |
- |
Past definite |
<imp> |
- |
Imperative |
<opt> |
- |
Optative |
<inf> |
-м{A}к |
Infinitive |
<ger> |
- |
Gerund |
<ger1> |
- |
Gerund #1 |
<ger_past> |
- |
Past gerund |
<ger_pros> |
- |
Prospective gerund |
<ger_impf> |
- |
Imperfective gerund |
<prc_perf> |
- |
Perfect participle |
<prc_impf> |
- |
Imperfective participle |
<prc_cond> |
- |
Conditional participle |
<prc_vol> |
- |
Volitional participle |
<gna_perf> |
- |
Perfective verbal adverb |
<gna_cond> |
- |
Conditional verbal adverb |
<gna_until> |
- |
Verbal adverb "until..." |
<gna_after> |
- |
Verbal adverb "after..." |
<gpr_past> |
- |
Past verbal adjective |
<gpr_perf> |
- |
Perfective verbal adjective |
<gpr_impf> |
- |
Imperfective verbal adjective |