Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkish"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) |
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) |
||
Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
! -{i}p |
! -{i}p |
||
| — || — || yes || — |
| — || — || yes || — |
||
|- |
|||
! -({A})-{i}rken |
|||
| || || yes || |
|||
|- |
|||
! -{C}{I} |
|||
| || yes || || |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
Revision as of 03:27, 4 June 2013
Morphophonology
The behaviour of {y}
There is need for a {y} "archiphoneme" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate, since by our guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).
example | After a vowel | After a consonant |
---|---|---|
{y}l{A} | anneyle, babayla | gözle, saçla |
{y}{A} | anneye, babaya | göze, saça |
{y}{A}c{A}{K} | izleyecek, okuyacak | gelecek, olacak |
{y}{A}b{I}l- | izleyebil-, okuyabıl- | gelebil-, olabıl- |
{I} versus {i}
The archiphoneme {i} deletes after vowels, whereas {I} replaces the previous vowel (i.e., surfaces and triggers the deletion of the previous vowel). They both surface after consonants. They obey the same vowel harmony rules when they surface, having four possible forms: i (after i & e), ü (after ü & ö), ı (after a & ı), and u (after u & o).
archiphoneme | example | After a vowel | After a consonant |
---|---|---|---|
{i} | {i}p | büyüp, izlep, arap | verip, olup, bakıp |
{I} | {I}yor | büyüyor, izliyor, arıyor | veriyor, oluyor, bakıyor |
Devoicing
category | alternating | voiceless | voiced | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiced | before %>: :Vow | never | always | |||
voiceless | syllable-finally | always | never | |||
examples | kitap/kitabı yurt/yurdu güç/gücü köpek/köpeği |
et/ediyor |
çöp/çöpü at/atı iç/içi halk/halkı |
yap/yapiyor bit/bitiyor iç/içiyor bak/bakiyor |
leb/lebi ad/adı hac/hacı (dağ/dağı) |
|
nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | |
p/b | kitap cevap |
— | çöp | yap öp |
leb | — |
t/d | yurt | et git güt |
devlet at |
tut bit eğit at |
ad | — |
ç/c | güç ağaç amaç haç |
— | iç suç |
iç seç kaç uç geç biç aç ölç saç |
hac kırbac |
— |
k/ğ | kulak köpek |
— | halk mülk kök gök |
bak yak yık |
(dağ) | (yağ) (yığ) (doğ) |
Morphology
verbal noun | verbal adjective | verbal adverb | participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|
-m{I}ş | — | yes | yes -m{I}ş ol- | |
-m{A}{K} | yes (turns to -m{A} for suffixes, i.e., <px*> & case) |
yes | yes -m{A}{K} iste- | |
-m{A} | yes | no (cf. yazma sınav) |
— | |
-{y}{A}c{A}{K} | yes | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{D}{I}{K} | yes¹,² | yes w̄ <px*> ! |
— | |
-{y}{A}r{A}{K} | yes | |||
-{i}p | — | — | yes | — |
-({A})-{i}rken | yes | |||
-{C}{I} | yes |