Phonetics and phonology

Places of articulation:

• bilabial (e.g. [b]),
• labio-dental (e.g. [v]),
• interdental,
• dental (e.g. [ð]),
• alveolar (e.g. [t], [d], [s], [z]),
• post-alveolar (e.g. [ʒ]),
• retroflex,
• palatal (e.g. [j]),
• velar (e.g. [w], [k], [g]),
• uvular (e.g. [χ], [ʀ]),
• pharyngeal,
• laryngeal (glottal)

• // = underlying; [] = pronunciation

• Liquids: l
• Rhotics: r
• Glides: j w

• Dorsals: ğ
• Fricative: ll ç
• Sibilant: s
• Affricate: tl č