Difference between revisions of "Starting a new language with lttoolbox"
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;Neuter (''trašidło'' "monster") |
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Forms in common with both the masculine and feminine paradigms are highlighted in red. |
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! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural |
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| Nominative || trašidł'''o''' || trašidł'''e''' || trašidł'''a''' |
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| Genitive || trašidł'''a''' || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''ow'''</span> || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''ow'''</span> |
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| Dative || trašidł'''u''' || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''omaj'''</span> || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''am'''</span> |
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| Accusative || trašidł'''o''' || trašidł'''e''' || trašidł'''a''' |
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| Instrumental || trašidł'''om''' || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''omaj'''</span> || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''ami'''</span> |
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| Locative || trašidł'''e''' || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''omaj'''</span> || <span style="background-color:#ffcccc">trašidł'''ach'''</span> |
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| Vocative || trašidł'''o'''! || trašidł'''e'''! || trašidł'''a'''! |
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==Lexicon== |
==Lexicon== |
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Revision as of 22:31, 20 December 2011
- For information on how to install lttoolbox, see lttoolbox and minimal installation from SVN
This page is going to describe how to start a new language with lttoolbox. As lttoolbox is not really suited to agglutinative languages, or languages with complex and regular morphophonology (see starting a new language with HFST), we're going to work on one with simpler and less regular morphology.
Preliminaries
A morphological transducer in lttoolbox has typically one file, a .dix file. This defines both how morphemes in the language are joined together, morphotactics, and how changes happen when these morphemes are joined together, morphographemics (or morphophonology). For example,
- Morphotactics: wolf<n><pl> → wolf + s
- Morphographemics: wolf + s → wolves
These two phenomena are treated in the same file.
The language
The language we will be modelling is Upper Sorbian, a Slavic language spoken in Germany. There is a limited grammar available in English here and that is what we will be basing our analysis on. The part of speech we're going to look at for this small tutorial is nouns. Nouns in Upper Sorbian have seven cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative, instrumental, vocative), three numbers (singular, dual, plural) and three genders (masculine, feminine, neuter). Like other Slavic languages, the category of animacy is distinguished in the masculine.
Paradigms
Here we give four example paradigms.
- Masculine animate (nan "father")
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | nan | nanaj | nanojo |
| Genitive | nana | nanow | nanow |
| Dative | nanej | nanomaj | nanam |
| Accusative | nana | nanow | nanow |
| Instrumental | nanom | nanomaj | nanami |
| Locative | nanje | nanomaj | nanach |
| Vocative | nano! | nanaj! | nanojo! |
- Masculine inanimate (hrěch "sin")
The differences from the masculine animate paradigm are indicated in blue.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hrěch | hrěchaj | hrěchi |
| Genitive | hrěcha | hrěchow | hrěchow |
| Dative | hrěchej | hrěchomaj | hrěcham |
| Accusative | hrěch | hrěchaj | hrěchi |
| Instrumental | hrěchom | hrěchomaj | hrěchami |
| Locative | hrěchu | hrěchomaj | hrěchach |
| Vocative | hrěcho! | hrěchaj! | hrěchi! |
- Feminine (wróna "crow")
The parts in common with the masculine paradigms are highlighted in green.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | wróna | wrónje | wróny |
| Genitive | wrónu | wrónow | wrónaow |
| Dative | wrónje | wrónomaj | wrónaam |
| Accusative | wrónu | wrónje | wróny |
| Instrumental | wrónu | wrónomaj | wrónaami |
| Locative | wrónje | wrónomaj | wrónaach |
| Vocative | wróna! | wrónje! | wrónu! |
- Neuter (trašidło "monster")
Forms in common with both the masculine and feminine paradigms are highlighted in red.
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | trašidło | trašidłe | trašidła |
| Genitive | trašidła | trašidłow | trašidłow |
| Dative | trašidłu | trašidłomaj | trašidłam |
| Accusative | trašidło | trašidłe | trašidła |
| Instrumental | trašidłom | trašidłomaj | trašidłami |
| Locative | trašidłe | trašidłomaj | trašidłach |
| Vocative | trašidło! | trašidłe! | trašidła! |
Lexicon
The basics
Compiling
Paradigms
Analysis and generation
Troubleshooting
Notes
