Difference between revisions of "Zulu"

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==In Apertium==
⚫
===Grammar===
* [http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/IsiZulu_Grammar IsiZulu Grammar]

===Monolingual Language Package===
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-zul/ apertium-zul (Incubator)]

===Language pairs===
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-zul-ssw/ Zulu and Swati (Incubator)]
* [http://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Apertium-zu-xh&action=edit&redlink=1 Zulu and Xhosa (Incubator)]

== Resources ==
== Resources ==
This section lists resources available on isiZulu. These are not associated with apertium, for the most part.
This section lists resources available on isiZulu. These are not associated with apertium, for the most part.


===General===
===General===
* [http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Zulu.html About isiZulu]
* [http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Zulu.html languagesgulper.com: isiZulu]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_language The Wikipedia page for isiZulu]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_language wikipedia.org: isiZulu]
* [http://africanlanguages.com/zulu/ More about isiZulu]
* [http://africanlanguages.com/zulu/ africanlanguages.com: isiZulu]


===Machine translation===
===Machine translation===
* [https://translate.google.com/ Google Translate]
* [https://translate.google.com/ translate.google.com: isiZulu]


===Dictionaries and phrasebooks===
===Dictionaries and phrasebooks===
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* [https://ia801406.us.archive.org/26/items/zuluenglishdict01colegoog/zuluenglishdict01colegoog.pdf Colenso Zulu-English Dictionary]
* [https://ia801406.us.archive.org/26/items/zuluenglishdict01colegoog/zuluenglishdict01colegoog.pdf Colenso Zulu-English Dictionary]
* [https://ia800207.us.archive.org/18/items/azulukafirdicti01dhgoog/azulukafirdicti01dhgoog.pdf Döhne Zulu-Kafir Dictionary]
* [https://ia800207.us.archive.org/18/items/azulukafirdicti01dhgoog/azulukafirdicti01dhgoog.pdf Döhne Zulu-Kafir Dictionary]
* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/1868141608 CM Doke: English-Zulu / Zulu-English Dictionary. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg 1990]
* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9780199079544 Gilles-Maurice de Schryver et al .: Isichazamazwi Sesikole: isiZulu-isiNgisi / Oxford Bilingual School Dictionary: Zulu and English 2e . Oxford University Press Southern Africa, Cape Town 2015]


===Grammars===
===Grammars===
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* [https://ia801308.us.archive.org/12/items/comparativegramm00blee/comparativegramm00blee.pdf A Comparative Grammar of South African Languages - W. H. I. Bleek]
* [https://ia801308.us.archive.org/12/items/comparativegramm00blee/comparativegramm00blee.pdf A Comparative Grammar of South African Languages - W. H. I. Bleek]
* [https://ia801604.us.archive.org/33/items/ZuluGrammar/ZuluGrammar_1940.pdf A Zulu Grammar for Beginners - P. A. Stuart]
* [https://ia801604.us.archive.org/33/items/ZuluGrammar/ZuluGrammar_1940.pdf A Zulu Grammar for Beginners - P. A. Stuart]
* [https://ia802608.us.archive.org/18/items/lessonsinzulu00suterich/lessonsinzulu00suterich.pdf Lessons in Zulu - Rev. F. Suter]
* [http://www.africanvoices.co.za/ Derek Gowlett, Khethiwe Ngwenya, Tessa Dowling: Speak Zulu With Us Beginner's Course. Cape Town 1999, ISBN 0-620-24425-9]
* [http://www.africanvoices.co.za/ Derek Gowlett, Khethiwe Ngwenya, Tessa Dowling: Speak Zulu With Us Intermediate To Advanced.Cape Town, 2001, ISBN 0-620-27725-4]


===Morphology===
===Texts in Zulu===
⚫
* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C10-1115 Ukwabelana - An open-source morphological Zulu corpus]

===Miscellaneous===
* [http://m.isizulu.news24.com/isizulu/ News24 in Zulu]
* [http://m.isizulu.news24.com/isizulu/ News24 in Zulu]
* [http://www.isolezwe.co.za/ Isolezwe News]
* [http://www.ilanganews.co.za/ Ilanga News]
* [http://www.ukhozifm.co.za/ Ukhozi FM with streaming]
* [https://www.indiana.edu/~afrifolk/zul_folk/index.html Zulu folk songs]
* [https://www.indiana.edu/~afrifolk/zul_folk/index.html Zulu folk songs]
* [http://www.bu.edu/africa/alp/index1/african-proverbs-project/isizulu-proverbs/ Zulu proverbs]
* [http://www.bu.edu/africa/alp/index1/african-proverbs-project/isizulu-proverbs/ Zulu proverbs]
* [http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/ZULU.PDF South African Constitution in isiZulu]
* [http://www.constitutionnet.org/sites/default/files/ZULU.PDF South African Constitution in isiZulu]
* [https://www.bible.com/bible/286/JHN.1.ZUL59 The Holy Bible in isiZulu]
* [http://mylanguages.org/zulu_reading.php Short Zulu passage with English translation]
* [https://www2.gwu.edu/~erpapers/humanrights/udhr/lang/zuu.htm The UN declaration of human rights translated to isiZulu]
* [http://www.anc.org.za/content/what-african-national-congress-isizulu What is the ANC in isiZulu]
* [http://www.poetryinternationalweb.net/pi/site/collection/poem_submenu_language/zulu List of Zulu poems and their English translations]


===Computational research===
==Academic Papers==
⚫
* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/C10-1115 Ukwabelana - An open-source morphological Zulu corpus]
⚫
* [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lex/article/download/47244/33623 A New Way to Lemmatize Adjectives in a User-friendly Zulu–English Dictionary - GM De Schryver]

===Linguistic research===
* [http://lexikos.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/1057/573 Linguistic Assumptions and Lexicographical Traditions in the African Languages - E.B. van Wyk]
* [http://lexikos.journals.ac.za/pub/article/view/1057/573 Linguistic Assumptions and Lexicographical Traditions in the African Languages - E.B. van Wyk]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592173.pdf Observations on the Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Other Particles of the Isizulu and Its Cognate Languages - Lewis Grout]
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592173.pdf Observations on the Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Other Particles of the Isizulu and Its Cognate Languages - Lewis Grout]
* [http://www.literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1062/1539 A re-evaluation of tenses in isiZulu - Groenwald]
* [http://www.literator.org.za/index.php/literator/article/view/1062/1539 A re-evaluation of tenses in isiZulu - Groenwald]
* [http://www.linx.co.za/zulu/#linguistic George Poulos, Christian T. Msimang: A Linguistic Analysis of Zulu . Via Africa, Cape Town 1998, ISBN 0-7994-1526-X]
⚫
* [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/lex/article/download/47244/33623 A New Way to Lemmatize Adjectives in a User-friendly Zulu–English Dictionary - GM De Schryver]


⚫
=Grammar=

==Verbs==

:"uyambona"
:"u-ya-m-bon-a"
:''he is seeing her ''

:*u - subject morpheme
:*ya - tense marker of present tense (the so called "long form")
:*m - subject morpheme
:*-bona - verb stem consisting of bon - verb root and -a the categorial morpheme<ref>the categorial morpheme is the last part of the verb stem indicating certain grammatical and semantic information</ref>


:u-baba u-bon-a um-ntwana
:''the father sees the child''

:u-baba aka-bon-i um-ntwana
:''the father doesn't see the child''

:u-baba u-zo-bon-a um-ntwana
:''the father will see the child''

:*zo - nearer future

:u-yo-m-bon-a
:''he will see it''

:*yo - far future


:u-bon-ile
:''he saw''

:u-m-bon-ile
:''he saw it''

:wa-bon-a
:''he saw it long ago''

:aka-m-bon-anga
:''he didn't see it''

:*aka is the negative morpheme for nouns in class 1 (like ubaba)

:aku-zu-m-bon-a
:''he will not see it''


:ba-ya-bon-ana
:''they see each other ''

:*-ana indicates reflexive

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==


[[Category:Zulu]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_language Wikipedia: Zulu language]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 10:01, 5 January 2018

In Apertium[edit]

Grammar[edit]

Monolingual Language Package[edit]

Language pairs[edit]

Resources[edit]

This section lists resources available on isiZulu. These are not associated with apertium, for the most part.

General[edit]

Machine translation[edit]

Dictionaries and phrasebooks[edit]

Grammars[edit]

Texts in Zulu[edit]

Computational research[edit]

Linguistic research[edit]

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