Difference between revisions of "Nepali"

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'''Nepali''' ([[Wikipedia:nepali]]) is an Indo-Aryan ([[Wikipedia:Indo-Aryan]]) language spoken in Nepal, a country sandwiched between the two large asian countries, China and India. Influenced by both Chinese and Indian culture especially in the north and south respectively, it is a kind in its own and has over 120 languages. Having had a long history from the vedic([[Wikipedia:Vedic]]) periods and its formation of the country, language was no exception.
'''Nepali''' ([[Wikipedia:nepali]]) is an Indo-Aryan ([[Wikipedia:Indo-Aryan]]) language spoken in Nepal, a country sandwiched between the two large asian countries, China and India in the north and south respectively. Influenced by both Chinese(tibetan) and Indian culture especially in the north and south respectively, it has over 120 languages spoken by minorities and ethnic groups. Having had a long history from the vedic([[Wikipedia:Vedic]]) periods and its formation of the country, language was no exception.Similar to other asian languages, the grammer is different from english, or Western Countries in general. The placement of verbs, subject and object is different from English. Thus, Nepali can be more grammatically compared to Hindi,Bengali,etc. in south and Japanese,Korean,etc. in north. Adopted from the sanksrit, its style of using radicals and combining words has been really the sanksrit.([[Wikipedia:Sanskrit]])


== In apertium ==

== In Apertium ==
===Language pairs ===
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* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-eo-ne/ apertium-eo-ne]
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-eo-ne/ apertium-eo-ne]
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-eo-ne.eo-ne.dix apertium-eo-ne.eo-ne.dix]
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-eo-ne.eo-ne.dix apertium-eo-ne.eo-ne.dix]
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-ne-en/ apertium-ne-en]
* [https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-ne-en/ apertium-ne-en]

== Resources==
== Resources==
----


===General===
===General===
* https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nepali-language - History/status/demography/status
* Britannica [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nepali-language ''History/status/demography/status'']
* https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nepali.htm - Alphabets/Enunciation
* [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nepali.htm ''Alphabets/Enunciation'']
* Subedi, Abhi, 1945-Hutt, Michael (Michael J.) 1999 "''Nepali''"" ISBN 9780864423450
* Shrestha, Bimal.O'Rourke, Mary-Jo (1996) "''Nepali Phrasebook''" ISBN 9780844215969
* Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). [http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/nepa1254 "''Nepali''"]. Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
* ''"Languages of India: Urdu, Punjabi Language, Tamil Language, Kannada, Standard Hindi, Telugu Language, Malayalam, Nepali Language"'' ISBN 1157606687 (ISBN13: 9781157606680)
* [http://glottolog.org/resource/reference/id/9816 Turner, Ralph Lilley 1931]


===Machine translation===
===Machine translation===
* [http://www.easynepalityping.com/nepali-to-english-translation-google Translator] [Powered by Google]
* [http://www.easynepalityping.com/nepali-to-english-translation-google Translator] [Powered by Google]
* ''English-Nepali Converter'' [http://nepali.changathi.com/ Changathi]
* ''English-Nepali Converter'' [http://nepali.changathi.com/ Changathi]
===Dictionaries===
* Raj, Prakash A. (1992) "''Nepali-English, English-Nepali dictionary''" ISBN 9780870521065
* Karl-Heinz Krämer South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg (2007) [http://www.nepalresearch.org/dictionaries/nep_eng/nep_eng.pdf "Nepali English Dictionary"]
* HC Duncan, G.P Pradhan (1990)[https://www.worldcat.org/title/english-nepali-dictionary-angrezi-napali-sabdakosa/oclc/24641293&referer=brief_results "English - Nepali Dictionary = Aṅgrezī - Napalī Śabdakośa"]
* Earl R. Mosburg(1991)[https://www.worldcat.org/title/dictionary-of-spoken-nepali-nepali-english-english-nepali-with-phrases-and-grammar-reference-notes/oclc/25917279&referer=brief_results "Dictionary of spoken Nepali : Nepali-English & English-Nepali, with phrases and grammar reference notes"]
* T Warren (1991) [https://www.worldcat.org/title/shorter-english-nepali-dictionary/oclc/470282302&referer=brief_results "A shorter English-Nepali dictionary"]
* Kate Matthews (2014) [https://www.worldcat.org/title/nepali-phrasebook-dictionary/oclc/894478915&referer=brief_results " Nepali phrasebook & dictionary"]


===Grammars===
===Grammars===
<ul>
⚫
* Morphology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#Morphology
* Adjectives https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#adjectives
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar '''Nepali Grammar''']</li>
<ul>
⚫
* Pronounce https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#pronounce
⚫
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#Morphology Morphology]</li>
⚫
* Unilang http://pustakalaya.org/view.php?pid=Pustakalaya:2943
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#adjectives Adjectives]</li>
⚫
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#pronounce Pronounce]</li>
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#Postpositions Postpositions]</li>
⚫
<li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_grammar#Verbs Verbs]</li>
</ul>
</ul>


===Influence ===
===Writing Systems ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awadhi_language Awadhi]
⚫
* Sanskrit [ http://aboutworldlanguages.com/sanskrit ]

===Writing System ===
⚫
* Awadhi, [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awadhi_language ]
* Bodo,
* Bodo,
* Bhojpuri, [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhojpuri_language ]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhojpuri_language Bhojpuri]
* Hindi, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi ]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi ''Hindi'']
* Kashmiri, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language ]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmiri_language ''kashmiri'']
* Konkani,
* Konkani,
* Kurukh, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_language ]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_language Bhojpuri]
* Magahi, and more…
* Magahi, and more…


===Other Demographically important Writing System===
===Other Demographically important Writing Systems===
* Tibetan [https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/a-state-within-a-state-tibetans-in-nepal/ ]
* Tibetan [https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/a-state-within-a-state-tibetans-in-nepal/ ]
* see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal ''"Languages spoken in Nepal"'']
* see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal ''"Languages spoken in Nepal"'']


===Language simile and translations ===
===Some translators online ===
⚫
* [http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Nepali_and_English ''English to Nepali'']
⚫
* [https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language.../nepali-to-bengali ''Bengali to nepali'']
⚫
* [http://imtranslator.net/translation/nepali/to-hindi/translator/ ''Nepali to hindi'']
⚫
* [https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language-pairs/nepali-to-thai ''Nepali to Thai '']
⚫
* [https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language.../nepali-to-burmese Nepali to burmese ]
⚫
* [http://www.stars21.com/translator/sinhala/nepali/ ''Sinhala to nepali'']


Below are translation sites(commercial), optional is https://translate.google.com
⚫
* English and Nepali [http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Nepali_and_English ]
⚫
* Bengali and nepali [ https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language.../nepali-to-bengali ]
⚫
* Nepali and hindi [ http://imtranslator.net/translation/nepali/to-hindi/translator/ ]
⚫
* Nepali and Thai [https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language-pairs/nepali-to-thai ]
⚫
* Nepali and burmese [https://www.onehourtranslation.com/translation/benefits/language.../nepali-to-burmese ]
⚫
* Nepali and Sinhala [www.stars21.com/translator/sinhala/nepali/ ]
* Language outside of vicinity
* Burma(formerly) a.k.a Myanmar
* Northern India [Darjeeling, Sikkhim, some parts of ladakh and manali, etc. ] and some people in Burma - to know more about burma gurkhas[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_Gurkha ]


===Encyclopedia ===
===Encyclopedia ===
* http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nepal
* [http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nepal '''Entry-Nepal''']


===Corpora ===
===Corpora ===
⚫
* [http://www.elra.info/en/catalogues/free-resources/nepali-corpora/ ''"Nepali"'']

* [http://inepal.org/nepalipoems/1 ''Nationally celebrated poetries'']
⚫
* www.elra.info/en/catalogues/free-resources/nepali-corpora/
* [https://www.sketchengine.co.uk/nepali-national-corpus/#toggle-id-1 "Nepali National Corpus"]
* Nationally celebrated poetries [http://inepal.org/nepalipoems/1 ]
* [https://www.sketchengine.co.uk/user-guide/user-manual/corpora/by-language/nepali-text-corpora/ "Tools to work with Nepali text corpora"]
* [http://metashare.elda.org/repository/browse/nepali-monolingual-written-corpus/13e18d44ae0e11e4854500259011f6ea72fd385ae5514b5387a47b7e484490df/ "Nepali Monolingual written corpus"]
* [http://metashare.elda.org/repository/browse/nepali-spoken-corpus/a9faf068d5a611e39e8600259011f6ea93d0eafc76a44f8fa43fed7ba358165e/ "Nepali Spoken Corpus"]
* [http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/projectteam/turin/downloads/nepali_english_glossary.pdf "NEPALI - ENGLISH & ENGLISH - NEPALI GLOSSARY"]


===Literature ===
===Literature ===

* Laxmi prasad devkota [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxmi_Prasad_Devkota ]
* Laxmi prasad devkota [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxmi_Prasad_Devkota ]
* (Adikabi) Bhanubhakta acharya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhanubhakta_Acharya ]
* (Adikabi) Bhanubhakta acharya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhanubhakta_Acharya ]
* Lekhnath Paudyal - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekhnath_Paudyal
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lekhnath_Paudyal ''Lekhnath Paudyal'']
* Kalidas see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kālidāsa ''"kalidasa"'']
* Kalidas see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kālidāsa ''"kalidasa"'']
* National Anthem - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaun_Thunga_Phool_Ka ''"Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"''] [A. 2006]
* National Anthem - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayaun_Thunga_Phool_Ka ''"Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka"''] [A. 2006]
* [B. 2006] Kingdom period - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastriya_Gaan ''"Rastriya Gaan"'' ]
* [B. 2006] Kingdom period - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastriya_Gaan ''"Rastriya Gaan"'' ]
* Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Muna Madan (2000) ([[Wikipedia:Muna_madan]])
* Jhamak Ghimire [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiwan_Kada_Ki_Phool "''Jiwan Kada Ki Phool''"]
* Parijat ([[Wikipedia:Parijat (writer)]])
* Himalayan Voices: An Introduction to Modern Nepali Literature (Voices from Asia), edited and translated by Michael J. Hutt, University of California Press, 1991. p. 5. ISBN 9780520910263
* "The Gentle Literary Giant" (PDF). Government of Sikkim. 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
* Gorkhas Imagined: I.B. Rai in Translation, Eds. Prem Poddar and Anmole Prasad, Mukti Prakashan, 2009

== Other Resources ==

=== Unilang ===
- as to online resources available only in nepali language.
⚫
* [http://pustakalaya.org/view.php?pid=Pustakalaya:2943 Pustakalaya]
* [http://www.hamropatro.com/ HamroPatro]

===Influence ===
- for the current scripts and the developments as from where it was originally adopted.
⚫
* Sanskrit [ http://aboutworldlanguages.com/sanskrit ''"Sanksrit"'' ]
* Brahmi Script [[Wikipedia:Brahmi]]


[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 19:59, 30 December 2017

Nepali (Wikipedia:nepali) is an Indo-Aryan (Wikipedia:Indo-Aryan) language spoken in Nepal, a country sandwiched between the two large asian countries, China and India in the north and south respectively. Influenced by both Chinese(tibetan) and Indian culture especially in the north and south respectively, it has over 120 languages spoken by minorities and ethnic groups. Having had a long history from the vedic(Wikipedia:Vedic) periods and its formation of the country, language was no exception.Similar to other asian languages, the grammer is different from english, or Western Countries in general. The placement of verbs, subject and object is different from English. Thus, Nepali can be more grammatically compared to Hindi,Bengali,etc. in south and Japanese,Korean,etc. in north. Adopted from the sanksrit, its style of using radicals and combining words has been really the sanksrit.(Wikipedia:Sanskrit)

In apertium[edit]

Language pairs[edit]

Incubator

Resources[edit]

General[edit]

  • Britannica History/status/demography/status
  • Alphabets/Enunciation
  • Subedi, Abhi, 1945-Hutt, Michael (Michael J.) 1999 "Nepali"" ISBN 9780864423450
  • Shrestha, Bimal.O'Rourke, Mary-Jo (1996) "Nepali Phrasebook" ISBN 9780844215969
  • Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Nepali". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  • "Languages of India: Urdu, Punjabi Language, Tamil Language, Kannada, Standard Hindi, Telugu Language, Malayalam, Nepali Language" ISBN 1157606687 (ISBN13: 9781157606680)
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley 1931

Machine translation[edit]

Dictionaries[edit]

Grammars[edit]

Writing Systems[edit]

Other Demographically important Writing Systems[edit]

Some translators online[edit]

Encyclopedia[edit]

Corpora[edit]

Literature[edit]

  • Laxmi prasad devkota [2]
  • (Adikabi) Bhanubhakta acharya [3]
  • Lekhnath Paudyal
  • Kalidas see "kalidasa"
  • National Anthem - "Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka" [A. 2006]
  • [B. 2006] Kingdom period - "Rastriya Gaan"
  • Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Muna Madan (2000) (Wikipedia:Muna_madan)
  • Jhamak Ghimire "Jiwan Kada Ki Phool"
  • Parijat (Wikipedia:Parijat (writer))
  • Himalayan Voices: An Introduction to Modern Nepali Literature (Voices from Asia), edited and translated by Michael J. Hutt, University of California Press, 1991. p. 5. ISBN 9780520910263
  • "The Gentle Literary Giant" (PDF). Government of Sikkim. 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
  • Gorkhas Imagined: I.B. Rai in Translation, Eds. Prem Poddar and Anmole Prasad, Mukti Prakashan, 2009

Other Resources[edit]

Unilang[edit]

- as to online resources available only in nepali language.

Influence[edit]

- for the current scripts and the developments as from where it was originally adopted.

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