Difference between revisions of "User:Toshinokyouko"
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== |
==Contributions== |
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*Contrastive Grammar[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/English_and_Spanish/Contrastive_grammar] |
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Unlike English, nouns in Spanish are either masculine or feminine. The definite and indefinite articles that precede a noun change according to the gender and quantity of the noun. |
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*Text Editors Compatibility[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Text_Editors_Compatible_With_Different_Scripts] |
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===Definite Articles (the)=== |
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* {{test|es|El muro (masculine, singular)|The wall}} |
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* {{test|es|Los Muros (masculine, plural)|The walls}} |
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* {{test|es|La manzana (feminine, singular)|The apple}} |
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* {{test|es|Las manzanas (feminine, plural)|The apples}} |
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===Indefinite Articles (a/an/some)=== |
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* {{test|es|Un muro (masculine, singular)|A wall}} |
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* {{test|es|Unos Muros (masculine, plural)|Some walls}} |
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* {{test|es|Una manzana (feminine, singular)|An apple}} |
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* {{test|es|Unas manzanas (feminine, plural)|Some apples}} |
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==ADJECTIVES== |
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In Spanish, adjective usually succeeds a noun. Their suffixes changes in agreement to the noun’s gender and quantity. Below are the literal translations of adjectives that follow this rule. |
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* {{test|es|El muchacho perezoso (masculine, singular)|The man lazy}} |
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* {{test|es|Los muchachos perezosos (masculine, plural)|The men lazy}} |
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* {{test|es|La muchacha perezosa (feminine, singular)|The woman lazy }} |
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* {{test|es|Las muchachas perezosas (feminine, plural)|The women lazy}} |
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However, there are exceptions where an adjective precedes a noun. These adjectives are usually for emphasis of an essential quality. |
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* {{test|es|La dulce miel es deliciosa en pan tostado.|The sweet honey is delicious on toast bread.}} |
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* {{test|es|El valiente león protege su territorio.|The brave lion protects its territory.}} |
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==VERBS== |
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In Spanish, verbs are conjugated according to the subject. Below are examples of the present tense conjugation of the two languages. |
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ES — EN |
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Ir — To walk |
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Yo voy — I walk |
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Tu vas — You walk |
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El/ella/usted va — He/She/You(formal, singular) walks |
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Nosotros(as) vamos — We walk |
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Vosotros(as) vaís — You(formal, plural) walk |
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Ello/Ella/Ustedes van — They walk |
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Comer — To eat |
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Yo como — I eat |
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Tu comes — You eat |
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El/ella/usted come — He/She/You(formal, singular) eats |
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Nosotros(as) comemos — We eat |
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Vosotros(as) comeís — You(formal, plural) eat |
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Ello/Ella/Ustedes comen — They eat |
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In Spanish, subject pronouns can be dropped as the suffixes of the verbs make the subject understood. |
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-(es) Como pan: (I) eat bread. |
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-(es) Tenemos dinero: (We) have money. |
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-(es) Estás en la escuela: (You) are in school. |
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'''PUNCTUATION''' |
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Spanish has two unique punctuation marks, the inverted question mark (¿) and the inverted exclamation mark (¡). These question marks are usually inserted at the beginning of a sentence to indicate that the sentence is interrogative/exclamatory in nature. |
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-(es) ¿Cómo está usted?: How are you? |
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-(es) ¿Dondé están los alumnos?: Where are the students? |
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-(es) ¿Cuales son los animales más grande en el mundo?: What are the biggest animals in the world? |
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-(es) ¡Qué linda!: How lovely! |
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-(es) ¡Dime por favor!: Talk to me please! |
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-(es) ¡Ya estoy enfermo, profesor!: I’m already sick, teacher! |
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'''INTERROGATION''' |
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In Spanish interrogative sentences, the order of the verb and the subject is reversed. |
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Literal Translation |
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-(es) ¿Tomó usted el almuerzo?: Took you the lunch? (Did you take lunch?) |
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-(es) ¿Comemos nosotros los tacos?: Eat we the tacos? (Do we eat the tacos?) |
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-(es) ¿Tenemos ellos las paraguas?: Have they the umbrellas? (Do they have umbrellas?) |
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In English interrogative sentences, The sentence order is usually in this format: |
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do/does/did + Subject + Verb + rest of the sentence |
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-(en) Do you have a moment? |
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-(en) Did you watch “Cory in the House” last night? |
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Sometimes, the do/does/did that precedes the subject is replaced by modal verbs(can, could, should etc…) |
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-(en) Can you stop being so ignorant? |
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-(en) Should we make paella for dinner tonight? |
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'''OBJECT PRONOUNS''' |
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In Spanish, objects in a sentence can be replaced by direct or indirect object pronouns to avoid repetition. |
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Direct object pronoun usually replaces an inanimate object |
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-(es) Tengo una pluma verde. Yo la quiero: (I) have a green pen. I love (it) |
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-(es) Ella compró una taza. Ella la rompió: She Bought a cup. She broke (it) |
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Indirect object pronoun usually replaces a person |
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-(es) Él me da un vaso de jugo de naranja: He gives (me) a glass of orange juice. |
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-(es) Yo les compra los chocolates: I buy (them) chocolates. |
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-(es) Juan nos compra un regalo: Juan buys (us) a gift. |
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