Difference between revisions of "Indonesian and Malaysian"

From Apertium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(diper-...-kan)
 
(32 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
This is a language pair translating between Indonesian and Malaysian.
''Description about this project will be added soon.''
<!--

==Work Plan==

'''Community Bonding Period (April 24, 2012 − May 20, 2012)'''<br/>
'''Community Bonding Period (April 24, 2012 − May 20, 2012)'''<br/>
'''Week 1 (May 21, 2012 − May 27, 2012''')<br/>
'''Week 1 (May 21, 2012 − May 27, 2012''')<br/>
Line 18: Line 16:
* Adding more derivational subentries to the Malaysian monolingual dictionary.<br/>
* Adding more derivational subentries to the Malaysian monolingual dictionary.<br/>
A more detailed work plan can be found in [[/Work plan|Work plan]]
A more detailed work plan can be found in [[/Work plan|Work plan]]
-->


==Morphology==
==Tagset==
===Noun affixes===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of noun affixes
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
|-
|Prefix
|per-
|''ajar'' (teaching)
|''pelajar'' (student)
| {{tag|per}}
|-
|
|peN-
|''duduk'' (sit)
|''penduduk'' (population)
| {{tag|peN}}
|-
|
|pe-
|''nyanyi'' (sing)
|''penyanyi'' (singer)
| {{tag|pe}}
|-
|Suffix
| -an
|''bangun'' (wake up, raise)
|''bangunan'' (building)
| {{tag|san}}
|-
|Circumfix
|ke-...-an
|''raja'' (king)
|''kerajaan'' (kingdom)
| {{tag|ke-an}}
|-
|
|per-...-an
|''kerja'' (work)
|''pekerjaan'' (occupation)
| {{tag|per-an}}
|-
|
|peN-...-an
|''buat'' (make)
|''pembuatan'' (production)
| {{tag|peN-an}}
|-
|
|pe-...-an
|''layan'' (serve)
|''pelayanan'' (service)
| {{tag|pe-an}}
|}


===Verb-forming affixes===
===Verb affixes===
{|class=wikitable
{|class="wikitable"
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
|-
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of verb affixes
| rowspan="4" | meN- || do something intentionally || membaca || meN+baca || baca (v.read) || v.read || baca<vblex><actv>
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
|-
|-
|Prefix
| use something as a tool || memalu || meN+palu || palu (n.hammer)|| v.hammer || palu<vblex><actv>
|ber-
|''ajar'' (teach)
|''belajar'' (to study)
|{{tag|ber}}
|-
|-
|
| become || mengecil || meN+kecil || kecil (a.small)|| become smaller || kecil<vblex><actv>
|meN-
|''tolong'' (help)
|''menolong'' (to help)
|{{tag|actv}}
|-
|-
|
| go to a place || melaut || meN+laut || laut (n.sea) || go to the sea || laut<vblex><actv>
|di-
|''ambil'' (take)
|''diambil'' (be taken)
|{{tag|pasv}}
|-
|-
|
| di- || done by someone || dibaca || di+baca|| baca (v.read)|| read [by someone] || baca<vblex><pasv>
|memper-
|''kemas'' (tidy up, orderly)
|''memperkemas'' (to arrange further)
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per}}
|-
|-
|
| ber- || reflexive action|| berdiri || ber+diri || diri (n.self)|| stand || diri<vblex>&lt;ref&gt;
|diper-
|''dalam'' (deep)
|''diperdalam'' (be deepened)
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|per}}
|-
|-
|
| ber-R || || bermain-main || ber+main+main || main (v.play) || playing around || main<vblex>&lt;ref&gt;<pl>
|ter-
|''makan'' (eat)
|''termakan'' (to have accidentally eaten)
|{{tag|ter}}
|-
|-
|Suffix
| ber-an || reciprocal action || bertabrakan || ber+tabrak+an || tabrak (v.hit) || collide || tabrak<vblex><rec>
| -kan
|''letak'' (place, keep)
|''letakkan'' (keep)
|{{tag|kan}}
|-
|-
|
| ber-R-an || reciprocal action || berpeluk-pelukkan || ber+peluk+peluk+kan || peluk (v.hug) || hugging each other || peluk<vblex><rec><pl>
| -i
|''jauh'' (far)
|''jauhi'' (avoid)
|{{tag|si}}
|-
|-
|Circumfix
| ter- || non-volitional action || termakan || ter+makan|| makan (v.eat)|| eaten (unintentionally) || makan<vblex><nv>
|ber-...-an
|''pasang'' (pair)
|''berpasangan'' (in pairs)
|{{tag|ber-an}}
|-
|-
|
| ter-R || || terapung-apung || ter+apung+apung || apung (v.float) || float || apung<vblex><nv><pl>
|ber-...-kan
|-
|''dasar'' (base)
| meN-i || locative || mendatangi || meN+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| come (to a place) || datang<vblex><actv><loc>
|''berdasarkan'' (based on)
|{{tag|ber-kan}}
|-
|-
|
| di-i || locative, passive || didatangi|| di+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| visited || datang<vblex><pasv><loc>
|meN-...-kan
|''pasti'' (sure)
|''memastikan'' (to make sure)
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|kan}}
|-
|-
|
| meN-kan || causative || mendatangkan || meN+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| make someone come || datang<vblex><actv><caus_kan>
|meN-...-i
|''teman'' (company)
|''menemani'' (to accompany)
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|si}}
|-
|-
|
| di-kan || causative, passive || didatangkan|| di+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| imported || datang<vblex><pasv><caus_kan>
|memper-...-kan
|''guna'' (use)
|''mempergunakan'' (to utilise, to exploit)
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per-kan}}
|-
|-
|
| per- || causative || perbesar || per+besar || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<vblex><caus_per>
|memper-...-i
|''ajar'' (teach)
|''mempelajari'' (to study)
|{{tag|actv}}{{tag|per-i}}
|-
|-
|
| per-kan || causative || perbesarkan || per+besar+kan || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<vblex><caus_per><caus_kan>
|di-...-i
|''sakit'' (pain)
|''disakiti'' (to be hurt by)
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|si}}
|-
|-
|
| per-i || locative, causative || perbesari || per+besar+i || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<vblex><caus_per><loc>
|di-...-kan
|''benar'' (right)
|''dibenarkan'' (is allowed to)
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|kan}}
|-
|-
|
| memper- || active causative || memperbesar || meN+per+besar || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<vblex><actv><caus_per>
|diper-...-kan
|''kenal'' (know, recognise)
|''diperkenalkan'' (is being introduced)
|{{tag|pasv}}{{tag|per-kan}}
|}

===Adjective affixes===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! style="background:#efefef;" | Type of adjective affixes
| diper- || passive causative || diperbesar || di+per+besar || besar (a.big) || made bigger || besar<vblex><pasv><caus_per>
! style="background:#efefef;" | Affix
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of root word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Example of derived word
! style="background:#efefef;" | Tag(s)
|-
|-
|Prefix
| memper-kan || active causative || mempertanyakan || meN+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || v.question || tanya<vblex><actv><caus_per><caus_kan>
|ter-
|''kenal'' (know)
|''terkenal'' (famous)
|{{tag|ter}}
|-
|-
|
| diper-kan || passive causative || dipertanyakan || di+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || questioned || tanya<vblex><pasv><caus_per><caus_kan>
|se-
|''lari'' (run)
|''selari'' (parallel)
|{{tag|se}}
|}
<!--
===Verb-forming affixes===
{|class=wikitable
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
|-
| meN- || active voice || membaca || meN+baca || baca (v.read) || v.read || baca<vblex><actv>
|-
| di- || to be done by someone || dibaca || di+baca|| baca (v.read)|| read [by someone] || baca<vblex><di>
|-
| ber- || to convert noun to verb || berdiri || ber+diri || diri (n.self)|| stand || diri<n><vblex><ber>
|-
| ber-R || || bermain-main || ber+main+main || main (v.play) || playing around || main<vblex><ber><pl>
|-
| ber-an || reciprocal action || bertabrakan || ber+tabrak+an || tabrak (v.hit) || collide || tabrak<vblex><ber><an>
|-
| ber-R-an || reciprocal action || berpeluk-pelukkan || ber+peluk+peluk+kan || peluk (v.hug) || hugging each other || peluk<vblex><ber><pl><an>
|-
| ter- || unintentional action || termakan || ter+makan|| makan (v.eat)|| eaten (unintentionally) || makan<vblex><ter>
|-
| ter-R || || terapung-apung || ter+apung+apung || apung (v.float) || float || apung<vblex><ter><pl>
|-
| meN-i || || mendatangi || meN+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| come (to a place) || datang<vblex><actv>&lt;i&gt;
|-
| di-i || passive || didatangi|| di+datang+i || datang (v.come)|| visited || datang<vblex><di>&lt;i&gt;
|-
| meN-kan || causative || mendatangkan || meN+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| make someone come || datang<vblex><actv><kan>
|-
| di-kan || causative, passive || didatangkan|| di+datang+kan || datang (v.come)|| imported || datang<vblex><di><kan>
|-
| memper- || to make less or more || memperbesar || meN+per+besar || besar (a.big) || make something bigger || besar<adj><vblex><actv><per>
|-
| diper- || to make less or more, passive || diperbesar || di+per+besar || besar (a.big) || made bigger || besar<vblex><di><per>
|-
| memper-kan || to change noun to transitive verb || mempertanyakan || meN+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || v.question || tanya<n><vblex><actv><per-kan>
|-
|-
| ke-an || affected by something || kehujanan || ke+hujan+an || hujan (n.rain) || rained (affected by rain) || hujan<vblex><aff>
| diper-kan || || dipertanyakan || di+per+tanya+kan || tanya (n.question) || questioned || tanya<n><vblex><di><per-kan>
|}
|}


===Adjective formation===
===Adjective formation===
{|class=wikitable
{|class=wikitable
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
|-
|-
| ter- || superlative || terbesar || ter+besar || besar (a.big) || biggest || besar<adj><sup>
| ter- || superlative || terbesar || ter+besar || besar (a.big) || biggest || besar<adj><ter>
|-
|-
| se- || same || sebesar || se+besar || besar (a.big) || as big as || besar<adj><uni>
| se- || same || sebesar || se+besar || besar (a.big) || as big as || besar<adj><se>
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 84: Line 260:
===Noun formation===
===Noun formation===
{|class=wikitable
{|class=wikitable
! Affix || Meaning || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
! Affix || Function || Example || Segmentation || Lemma || Translation || Analysis
|-
| -an || entity || tulisan || tulis+an || tulis (v.write) || writings || besar<n><sg><ent>
|-
| ke- || abstract || kehendak || ke+hendak || hendak (v.intend) || will/intention || hendak<n><sg><abstr>
|-
|-
| peN- || actor || penjual || peN+jual || jual (v.sell) || seller || jual<n><sg><actor>
| -an || entity || tulisan || tulis+an || tulis (v.write) || writings || tulis<vblex><n><sg><an>
|-
|-
| pemer- || || pemersatu || peN+mer+satu || satu (a.one) || unifier || satu<n><sg><actor><caus>
| peN- || actor || penjual || peN+jual || jual (v.sell) || seller || jual<vblex><n><sg><peN>
|-
|-
| ke-an || abstract || kepandaian || ke+pandai+an || pandai (a.intelligent) || intelligence || pandai<n><sg><abstract>
| ke-an || abstract || kepandaian || ke+pandai+an || pandai (a.intelligent) || intelligence || pandai<adj><n><sg><ke-an>
|-
|-
| peN-an || process || pengiriman || pe+kirim+an || kirim (v.send) || delivery || kirim<n><sg><actio>
| peN-an || process || pengiriman || pe+kirim+an || kirim (v.send) || delivery || kirim<vblex><n><sg><peN-an>
|-
|-
| per-an || theme || pertokoan || per+toko+an || toko (n.store) || shopping centre || toko<n><sg><theme>
| per-an || theme || pertokoan || per+toko+an || toko (n.store) || shopping centre || toko<n><sg><per-an>
|}
|}
-->


==See also==
==See also==


* [[/Pending tests|Pending tests]]
* [[/Pending tests|Pending tests]]
* [[/Previous Morphology|Previous Morphology]]
* [[/Previous morphology|Previous morphology]]
* [[/Work plan|Work plan]]


==External links==
==External links==


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differences_between_Malay_and_Indonesian Wikipedia: Differences between Malaysian and Indonesian]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differences_between_Malay_and_Indonesian Wikipedia: Differences between Malaysian and Indonesian]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_grammar Malay grammar]


[[Category:Indonesian and Malaysian|*]]
[[Category:Indonesian and Malaysian|*]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 22 August 2012

This is a language pair translating between Indonesian and Malaysian.

Tagset[edit]

Noun affixes[edit]

Type of noun affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix per- ajar (teaching) pelajar (student) <per>
peN- duduk (sit) penduduk (population) <peN>
pe- nyanyi (sing) penyanyi (singer) <pe>
Suffix -an bangun (wake up, raise) bangunan (building) <san>
Circumfix ke-...-an raja (king) kerajaan (kingdom) <ke-an>
per-...-an kerja (work) pekerjaan (occupation) <per-an>
peN-...-an buat (make) pembuatan (production) <peN-an>
pe-...-an layan (serve) pelayanan (service) <pe-an>

Verb affixes[edit]

Type of verb affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix ber- ajar (teach) belajar (to study) <ber>
meN- tolong (help) menolong (to help) <actv>
di- ambil (take) diambil (be taken) <pasv>
memper- kemas (tidy up, orderly) memperkemas (to arrange further) <actv><per>
diper- dalam (deep) diperdalam (be deepened) <pasv><per>
ter- makan (eat) termakan (to have accidentally eaten) <ter>
Suffix -kan letak (place, keep) letakkan (keep) <kan>
-i jauh (far) jauhi (avoid) <si>
Circumfix ber-...-an pasang (pair) berpasangan (in pairs) <ber-an>
ber-...-kan dasar (base) berdasarkan (based on) <ber-kan>
meN-...-kan pasti (sure) memastikan (to make sure) <actv><kan>
meN-...-i teman (company) menemani (to accompany) <actv><si>
memper-...-kan guna (use) mempergunakan (to utilise, to exploit) <actv><per-kan>
memper-...-i ajar (teach) mempelajari (to study) <actv><per-i>
di-...-i sakit (pain) disakiti (to be hurt by) <pasv><si>
di-...-kan benar (right) dibenarkan (is allowed to) <pasv><kan>
diper-...-kan kenal (know, recognise) diperkenalkan (is being introduced) <pasv><per-kan>

Adjective affixes[edit]

Type of adjective affixes Affix Example of root word Example of derived word Tag(s)
Prefix ter- kenal (know) terkenal (famous) <ter>
se- lari (run) selari (parallel) <se>

See also[edit]

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesian_and_Malaysian&oldid=36085"