Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkmen"
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Firespeaker (talk | contribs) |
(→Done) |
||
(31 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{TOCD}} |
|||
==Verb-final voicing== |
==Verb-final voicing== |
||
Line 15: | Line 16: | ||
** sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden |
** sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden |
||
** tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan |
** tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan |
||
** tap>{U}p:tapyp |
|||
** çap>{U}p:çapyp |
|||
** sep>{U}p:sepip |
|||
* t |
* t |
||
** ýat>{U}p: ýatyp |
** ýat>{U}p: ýatyp |
||
Line 22: | Line 26: | ||
* ç |
* ç |
||
** <code>iç>{U}p</code>:içip |
** <code>iç>{U}p</code>:içip |
||
** goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy |
|||
** seç>{U}p:seçip |
|||
** saç>{s}{I}{n}:saçy |
|||
* k |
* k |
||
** <code>bak>ý{Ä}r</code>:bakýar |
** <code>bak>ý{Ä}r</code>:bakýar |
||
Line 35: | Line 42: | ||
** kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna |
** kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna |
||
** jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby |
** jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby |
||
** tep>{U}p tebip |
|||
* t |
* t |
||
** <code>et>{U}p</code>:edip |
** <code>et>{U}p</code>:edip |
||
Line 43: | Line 51: | ||
** zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady |
** zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady |
||
* ç |
* ç |
||
* güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji |
** güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji |
||
** gylyç>{s}{I}{n}:gylyjy |
|||
* k |
* k |
||
** pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň |
** pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň |
||
Line 49: | Line 58: | ||
** demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda |
** demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda |
||
** hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy |
** hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy |
||
** ýak>{U}p:ýagyp |
|||
** ýyk>{U}p:ýygyp |
|||
</div> |
</div> |
||
=== As a table === |
=== As a table === |
||
Assuming it's intervocalic (+before ý{Ä}r), we get |
|||
{|class=wikitable |
{|class=wikitable |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| voiced |
|||
! |
|||
!colspan=2| |
!colspan=2| before %>: :Vow |
||
!colspan=2| |
!colspan=2| never |
||
!colspan=2| always |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| voiceless |
|||
⚫ | |||
!colspan=2| syllable-finally |
|||
!colspan=2| always |
|||
!colspan=2| never |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|||
⚫ | |||
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap |
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap |
||
|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| |
||
|valign="top"| tarap |
|valign="top"| tarap |
||
|valign="top"| ýap |
|valign="top"| ýap<br />tap<br />çap<br />sep |
||
⚫ | |||
|valign="top"| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! t |
! t/d |
||
|valign="top"| zat |
|valign="top"| zat<br />ýurt |
||
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt |
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt |
||
|valign="top"| döwlet |
|valign="top"| döwlet |
||
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet |
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet |
||
|valign="top"| metod<br />milliard<br />wodoprowod<br />wodorod<br />wzwod |
|||
|valign="top"| sorkuld |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! ç |
! ç/j |
||
|valign="top"| güýç |
|valign="top"| güýç<br />gylyç |
||
|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| |
||
|valign="top"| goç<br />saç |
|||
|valign="top"| iç<br />seç |
|||
|valign="top"| massaj(?) |
|||
|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| |
||
⚫ | |||
|- |
|- |
||
! k |
! k/g |
||
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk |
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk<br />aşak |
||
|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| ýyk<br />ýak |
||
|valign="top"| |
|valign="top"| halk |
||
|valign="top"| bak |
|valign="top"| bak |
||
|valign="top"| sorag<br />ulag<br />çig<br />çyg<br />dolag<br />gyssag<br />dag |
|||
|valign="top"| deg<br />sög<br />çig<br />eg<br />ýyg<br />bog<br />çog<br />çyzg<br />dog<br />sag<br />syg<br />ýag |
|||
|} |
|} |
||
=={U} == |
|||
* no poss: c. -{n}{U}ň |
|||
** galanyň |
|||
** dünýäniň |
|||
** halkyň |
|||
** okeanyň |
|||
** obanyň |
|||
** günüň |
|||
* bol>{U}p -> bolyp |
|||
* dur>d{U} -> durdy |
|||
* institut>s{Y}>{n}{Y}ň > institutynyň |
|||
* ýurd>{n}{U}ň -> ýurduň |
|||
* ýol>{n}{U}ň -> ýoluň |
|||
* ok>{n}{U}ň -> okuň |
|||
* huş>{n}{U}ň -> huşuň |
|||
* gum>{n}{U}ň -> gumuň |
|||
* suw>{n}{U}ň -> suwuň |
|||
<pre> |
|||
- ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/gör<v><tv><past><p3><pl>$ |
|||
+ ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/*gördüler$ |
|||
- ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/gör<v><tv><past><p1><sg>$ |
|||
+ ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/*gördüm$ |
|||
</pre> |
|||
=== Rounds === |
|||
* -nUň (okuň) |
|||
=== Doesn't round === |
|||
* -Ip (bolyp) |
|||
=== Unknown === |
|||
* -dI (durdy, gördü) |
|||
* -sIn (ýurdu) |
|||
==Todo== |
|||
* Türkiýe>{n}{Y}n -> Türkiýäniň |
|||
* aýt>{y}p -> aýdyp |
|||
* gülle>{y}p -> gülläp |
|||
* ýöre>{y}p -> ýöräp |
|||
* köçe>s{Y}>{n}{Y}n -> köçäniň |
|||
* süýüm>{n}{U}ň -> süýümiň |
|||
* goňşy - goňşusy - goňşuda |
|||
==Done== |
|||
===Epenthetic vowels in stems=== |
|||
* döwür - döwri - döwründe |
|||
* ogul - ogly - oglunyň |
|||
* deňiz - deňzi - deňziniň |
|||
===Vowel lengthening in -m{A}k>{A}=== |
|||
* et>m{A}k>{A} -> etmäge |
|||
Latest revision as of 11:14, 16 April 2012
Verb-final voicing[edit]
p | t | k | ç | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ýapmak | ýapyp ýap>{U}p |
etmek | edip et>{U}p |
bakmak | bakýar bak>ý{Ä}r |
içmek | içip iç>{U}p |
list[edit]
Voicing doesn't happen
- p
ýap>{U}p
:ýapyp- sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
- tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
- tap>{U}p:tapyp
- çap>{U}p:çapyp
- sep>{U}p:sepip
- t
- ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
- ýet>{U}p: ýetip
- et>m{A}k etmek
- döwlet>s{Y}n>n{Y} döwletini
- ç
iç>{U}p
:içip- goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
- seç>{U}p:seçip
- saç>{s}{I}{n}:saçy
- k
bak>ý{Ä}r
:bakýar- pişik>l{A}r:pişikler
- aşak>{s}{Y}{n}:aşaky
Voicing happens
- p
- mekdep>{s}{Y}{n} mekdebi
- sebäp>{s}{Y}{n}>{N}{Y} sebäbini
- kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
- jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
- tep>{U}p tebip
- t
et>{U}p
:edip- et>ý{Ä}r edýär
- git>{U}p gidip
- döret>{U}p döredip
- aýt>{U}p aýdyp
- zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady
- ç
- güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji
- gylyç>{s}{I}{n}:gylyjy
- k
- pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň
- töwerek>{s}{Y}{n}töweregi
- demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
- hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy
- ýak>{U}p:ýagyp
- ýyk>{U}p:ýygyp
As a table[edit]
voiced | before %>: :Vow | never | always | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
voiceless | syllable-finally | always | never | |||
nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | nouns | verbs | |
p/b | mekdep sebäp kitap jogap |
tarap | ýap tap çap sep |
klub | ||
t/d | zat ýurt |
et git döret aýt |
döwlet | ýat ýet |
metod milliard wodoprowod wodorod wzwod |
sorkuld |
ç/j | güýç gylyç |
goç saç |
iç seç |
massaj(?) | ||
k/g | pişik töwerek demirgazyk hukuk aşak |
ýyk ýak |
halk | bak | sorag ulag çig çyg dolag gyssag dag |
deg sög çig eg ýyg bog çog çyzg dog sag syg ýag |
{U}[edit]
- no poss: c. -{n}{U}ň
- galanyň
- dünýäniň
- halkyň
- okeanyň
- obanyň
- günüň
- bol>{U}p -> bolyp
- dur>d{U} -> durdy
- institut>s{Y}>{n}{Y}ň > institutynyň
- ýurd>{n}{U}ň -> ýurduň
- ýol>{n}{U}ň -> ýoluň
- ok>{n}{U}ň -> okuň
- huş>{n}{U}ň -> huşuň
- gum>{n}{U}ň -> gumuň
- suw>{n}{U}ň -> suwuň
- ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/gör<v><tv><past><p3><pl>$ + ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/*gördüler$ - ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/gör<v><tv><past><p1><sg>$ + ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/*gördüm$
Rounds[edit]
- -nUň (okuň)
Doesn't round[edit]
- -Ip (bolyp)
Unknown[edit]
- -dI (durdy, gördü)
- -sIn (ýurdu)
Todo[edit]
- Türkiýe>{n}{Y}n -> Türkiýäniň
- aýt>{y}p -> aýdyp
- gülle>{y}p -> gülläp
- ýöre>{y}p -> ýöräp
- köçe>s{Y}>{n}{Y}n -> köçäniň
- süýüm>{n}{U}ň -> süýümiň
- goňşy - goňşusy - goňşuda
Done[edit]
Epenthetic vowels in stems[edit]
- döwür - döwri - döwründe
- ogul - ogly - oglunyň
- deňiz - deňzi - deňziniň
Vowel lengthening in -m{A}k>{A}[edit]
- et>m{A}k>{A} -> etmäge