Difference between revisions of "Beginner's Constraint Grammar HOWTO"

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[[Installation et fonctionnement de Constraint Grammar|En français]]

''The installation part for Apertium and language pairs described below refer to Ubuntu distribution. For others Linux distributions or others operating systems, let see the general [[Installation]] page''.

==Download==
==Download==


;Apertium
;Apertium


Sourced from [[Install Apertium core using packaging]]
How to download Apertium for [http://www.ubuntu.com/ Ubuntu]. First open your terminal and copy/paste
First, remove any Apertium packages you have installed from operating system repositories. They will be out-of-date, sometimes by years.

Add the repository,

<pre>
# Pick one:


# Nightly, unstable, new, almost always use this:
First we have to install prerequisites.
curl -sS https://apertium.projectjj.com/apt/install-nightly.sh | sudo bash
*Open terminal and copy/paste this code :
'''sudo apt-get install subversion build-essential g++ pkg-config libxml2 \'''


# Release, stable, old:
'''libxml2-dev libxml2-utils xsltproc flex automake autoconf libtool libpcre3-dev '''
curl -sS https://apertium.projectjj.com/apt/install-release.sh | sudo bash
</pre>


*Then terminal will ask for your password like this: '''[sudo] password for user'''.When you write it press '''Enter'''.
If you have already prerequisites, it will show you '''X upgraded, X newly installed, X to remove and X not upgraded.'''
If you don't have it,you have to wait until terminal show you '''user@ubuntu:~$'''.This mean the process is ready(downaload and instal prerequisites) and terminal wait for your next step, which is to copy/paste this code:


You should see messages.
'''svn co http://apertium.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/apertium/trunk apertium'''


Install dev tools,
This will download apertium from SVN.The process will take a few minutes. When the downloading ends we are ready to install apertium.


<pre>
sudo apt-get -f install apertium-all-dev
</pre>

====About the Debian repository install====
Check the script installed Apertium repository details,

<pre>
apt-cache policy | grep apertium
</pre>

Unfortunately, due to the seamless upgrading of Debian packaging, it is difficult to see which packages the new repository has added, and where. Even Synaptic, the wonder GUI, has no way through. You could try this brute force commandline,

<pre>
find /var/lib/apt/lists/ |grep projectjj.*Packages | xargs grep -h Package
</pre>

Which will, if nothing else, tell you a lot about byways of the Apertium project.




;Constraint grammar
;Constraint grammar


To use CG we must have lttoolbox(we have it),apertium(we have it too) and ICU(we have to install it now).
To use CG we must have lttoolbox (we have it), apertium (we have it too) and ICU (we have to install it now).


How to install ICU for Ubunto. Open terminal and copy/paste this code:
How to install ICU for Ubuntu. Open terminal and copy/paste this code:


'''apt-get install libicu-dev'''
apt-get install libicu-dev


Now we can install and CG.
Now we can install apertium, lttoolbox and CG.


==Install==
==Install==
Line 35: Line 61:
;Apertium
;Apertium


Before installing apertium we have to install lttoolbox(which has been downloaded whit apertium at same time).To do that you have to copy/paste this code:
Before installing apertium we have to install lttoolbox(which has been downloaded with apertium at same time).To do that you have to copy/paste this code:


'''cd apertium'''
'''cd apertium'''
Line 96: Line 122:
=Usage=
=Usage=


For the examples below, we use the language pair apertium-es-ca, but the principles should be applicable to any language pair. First we have to compile this pair. Go into the directory from where you checked out the apertium SVN, then
For the examples below, we use the language pair apertium-es-ca, but the principles should be applicable to any language pair. First we have to compile this pair. Go into the directory from where you installed Apertium, then


cd apertium/apertium-es-ca
cd apertium/apertium-es-ca
Line 110: Line 136:
^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>/lo<prn><pro><p3><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$
^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>/lo<prn><pro><p3><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$


Here we have ambiguities,one between a noun and a verb and other between a determiner and a pronoun.We can write some rules which can impose categorization between two ambiguities.First we define our categories, these can be tags, wordforms or lemmas. It might help to think of them as "coarse tags", which may involve a set of fine tags or lemmas. So, create a file grammar.txt, and add the following text:
Here we have ambiguities,one between a noun and a verb and other between a determiner and a pronoun.We can write some rules which can impose to categorize between two ambiguities.First we define our categories, these can be tags, wordforms or lemmas. It might help to think of them as "coarse tags", which may involve a set of fine tags or lemmas. So, create a file grammar.txt, and add the following text:

'''DELIMITERS = "<$.>" ;'''

'''LIST NOUN = n;'''

'''LIST VERB = vblex;'''

'''LIST DET = det;'''

'''LIST PRN = prn;'''

'''LIST PREP = pr;'''

'''SECTION'''


DELIMITERS = "<$.>" ;
LIST NOUN = n;
LIST VERB = vblex;
LIST DET = det;
LIST PRN = prn;
LIST PREP = pr;
SECTION


So first rule is states "When the current lexical unit can be a pronoun or a determiner, and it is followed on the right by a lexical unit which could be a noun, choose the determiner". We have to add this rule to the file, and compile using cg-comp:
So first rule is states "When the current lexical unit can be a pronoun or a determiner, and it is followed on the right by a lexical unit which could be a noun, choose the determiner". We have to add this rule to the file, and compile using cg-comp:
Line 132: Line 151:




'''# 1'''
# 1
SELECT DET IF
(0 DET)
(0 PRN)
(1 NOUN) ;


compile with:
'''SELECT DET IF'''

''' (0 DET)'''

''' (0 PRN)'''

''' (1 NOUN) ;'''


adding:

'''$ ./cg-comp grammar.txt grammar.bin'''

'''Sections: 1, Rules: 1, Sets: 6, Tags: 7'''


$ ./cg-comp grammar.txt grammar.bin
Sections: 1, Rules: 1, Sets: 6, Tags: 7


To try what we have done copy/paste this code:
To try what we have done copy/paste this code:


$ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin | cg-proc grammar.bin
$ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin | cg-proc grammar.bin
^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$
^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$




Line 161: Line 173:
rule:
rule:


'''# 2'''
# 2
REMOVE NOUN IF

(0 NOUN)
'''REMOVE NOUN IF'''
(0 VERB)

''' (0 NOUN)'''
(1 PREP)
(2 DET) ;

''' (0 VERB)'''

''' (1 PREP)'''

''' (2 DET) ;'''



re-compile the grammar and test:
re-compile the grammar and test:


'''$ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin | cg-proc grammar.bin'''
$ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin | cg-proc grammar.bin
^vino/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$

'''^vino/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$'''


Third rule is states "Remove interjection if the preceeding word is a modal verb."
For example:

'''echo "Ах боли ме" | lt-proc bg-mk.automorf.bin'''

'''^Ах/*Ах$ ^боли/*боли$ ^ме/clitic<prn><pers><clt><p1><mfn><sg><acc>'''


Fourth rule is states "Select preposition reading when the word could be a preposition or an adverb and it is followed by a Noun or Pre-Noun."

For example:

'''echo "oколо 2 млрд. евро" | lt-proc bg-mk.automorf.bin'''

'''^около/около<pr>/около<adv>$ ^2/2<num>$ ^млрд./милиард<num><mfn><sg><nom><ind>$ ^евро/евро<n><nt><sg><nom><ind>'''


Fifth rule is state "Remove 2nd person singular verb reading if there is no second person singular pronoun."

For example:

'''echo "Всеки трябва да заяви около" | lt-proc bg-mk.automorf.bin'''

'''^Всеки/Всеки<prn><tot><mfn><pl><nom>/Всеки<prn><tot><m><sg><nom>$ ^трябва/трябва<vbmod><pres><p3><sg>/трябва<vbmod><aor><p2>'''
'''<sg>/трябва<vbmod><aor><p3><sg>$ ^да/да<part>/да<ij>$ ^заяви/заяви<vblex><perf><tv><imp><sg>/заяви<vblex><perf><tv><pres><p3><sg>'''
'''/заяви<vblex><perf><tv><aor><p2><sg>/заяви<vblex><perf><tv><aor><p3><sg>$ ^около/около<pr>/около<adv>$'''


Third rule states "Remove interjection if the preceeding word is a modal verb."




[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Documentation in English]]

Latest revision as of 20:55, 2 April 2021

En français

The installation part for Apertium and language pairs described below refer to Ubuntu distribution. For others Linux distributions or others operating systems, let see the general Installation page.

Download[edit]

Apertium

Sourced from Install Apertium core using packaging First, remove any Apertium packages you have installed from operating system repositories. They will be out-of-date, sometimes by years.

Add the repository, 

# Pick one:

# Nightly, unstable, new, almost always use this:
curl -sS https://apertium.projectjj.com/apt/install-nightly.sh | sudo bash

# Release, stable, old:
curl -sS https://apertium.projectjj.com/apt/install-release.sh | sudo bash


You should see messages.

Install dev tools, 

sudo apt-get -f install apertium-all-dev

About the Debian repository install[edit]

Check the script installed Apertium repository details, 

apt-cache policy | grep apertium

Unfortunately, due to the seamless upgrading of Debian packaging, it is difficult to see which packages the new repository has added, and where. Even Synaptic, the wonder GUI, has no way through. You could try this brute force commandline, 

find /var/lib/apt/lists/ |grep projectjj.*Packages | xargs grep -h Package

Which will, if nothing else, tell you a lot about byways of the Apertium project.


Constraint grammar

To use CG we must have lttoolbox (we have it), apertium (we have it too) and ICU (we have to install it now).

How to install ICU for Ubuntu. Open terminal and copy/paste this code: 

   apt-get install libicu-dev

Now we can install apertium, lttoolbox and CG.

Install[edit]

Apertium

Before installing apertium we have to install lttoolbox(which has been downloaded with apertium at same time).To do that you have to copy/paste this code:

cd apertium

cd lttoolbox/

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ./autogen.sh

make

sudo make install

sudo ldconfig


Terminal will ask us for password again [sudo] password for user: When you write it press Enter. Wait to show you terminal user@ubuntu:~/apertium/lttoolbox$ then copy/paste this code:

cd ..

cd apertium/

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ./autogen.sh

make

sudo make install

sudo ldconfig

This will start installing apertium.You have to wait a few minutes.When shows you

vasil@ubuntu:~/apertium/apertium$ sudo ldconfig

vasil@ubuntu:~/apertium/apertium$

the process is ready.


Constraint grammar


How to install CG.Open terminal and copy/paste this code:

$ svn co --username anonymous --password anonymous http://beta.visl.sdu.dk/svn/visl/tools/vislcg3/trunk vislcg3

$ cd vislcg3

$ sh autogen.sh --prefix=<prefix>

$ make

$ make install

It will ask you for password [sudo] password for user: . When you write it press Enter.

We are ready.

Usage[edit]

For the examples below, we use the language pair apertium-es-ca, but the principles should be applicable to any language pair. First we have to compile this pair. Go into the directory from where you installed Apertium, then 

   cd apertium/apertium-es-ca
   sh autogen.sh
   make

Let's try that what we installed is working. First copy/paste this code: 

   echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin

This should give you: 

   ^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>/lo<prn><pro><p3><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$

Here we have ambiguities,one between a noun and a verb and other between a determiner and a pronoun.We can write some rules which can impose to categorize between two ambiguities.First we define our categories, these can be tags, wordforms or lemmas. It might help to think of them as "coarse tags", which may involve a set of fine tags or lemmas. So, create a file grammar.txt, and add the following text: 

   DELIMITERS = "<$.>" ;
   LIST NOUN = n;
   LIST VERB = vblex;
   LIST DET = det;
   LIST PRN = prn;
   LIST PREP = pr;
   SECTION

So first rule is states "When the current lexical unit can be a pronoun or a determiner, and it is followed on the right by a lexical unit which could be a noun, choose the determiner". We have to add this rule to the file, and compile using cg-comp:

rule: 


   # 1
   SELECT DET IF
           (0 DET)
           (0 PRN)
           (1 NOUN) ;

compile with: 

   $ ./cg-comp grammar.txt grammar.bin
   Sections: 1, Rules: 1, Sets: 6, Tags: 7

To try what we have done copy/paste this code: 

   $ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin |  cg-proc grammar.bin
   ^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$


Second rule is states "When the current lexical unit can be a noun or a verb, if the subsequent two units to the right are preposition and determiner, remove the noun reading." Now we have to add this rule:


rule: 

   # 2
   REMOVE NOUN IF
           (0 NOUN)
           (0 VERB)
           (1 PREP)
           (2 DET) ;

re-compile the grammar and test: 

   $ echo "vino a la playa" | lt-proc es-ca.automorf.bin |  cg-proc grammar.bin
   ^vino/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$ ^a/a<pr>$ ^la/el<det><def><f><sg>$ ^playa/playa<n><f><sg>$

Third rule states "Remove interjection if the preceeding word is a modal verb."

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