Difference between revisions of "Aromanian"

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{{TOCD}}
==Resources==
; Lexic
'''Word formation'''
Aromanian language keeps latin words and meanings that no longer exist in other eastern romanic languages: bashu (kiss), cusurinu (cousin), dimãndari (order), uinu (of sheep), agiunu (hungry), fumealje (family, children), largu (far), vatãmu (I kill).
Words from other languages:
• '''Slavonic''' : celnicu (master, owner), dobru (kind), mutrescu (I watch)
• '''Albanian''' : bãnedzu (I live), etã (time), minduescu (I think, I believe)
• '''Neo-Greek''' (most of them): arisescu (I like), asime (silver), hoarã (village), xen (stranger), lipseashce (must), nostimu (tasty)
• '''Turkish''' : adets (tradition), bitisescu (I finish), cãsãbã (town/city).
Now the foreign words are generally the ones that can be found in Romanian, French or English : proectu, entsiclopedii, completu, orighinalu, litsentsã.


'''Aromanian''' ([[Wikipedia:Aromanian language]]) is a [[Romance language]]. Currently there is no language pair in [[Apertium]] involving Aromanian (see [[list of language pairs]]).
'''Morphology and Syntax'''
'''Article'''
'''The definite article''' is added ad the end of the word, like in the other eastern romanic languages : luplu (the wolf), vitsinlji (the neighbours ), bisearica (the church).
A definite article can be added in proper nouns but only for masculine forms: Goglu (Gogu).
In the group noun + demonstrative adjective + qualifying adjective, the last adjective can have an article or not. For example: omlu atsel bunlu or omlu atsel bun (that kind man).
'''The indefinite article''' for singular feminine form is unã (a): unã featã (a girl).


'''Nouns'''
There are two forms for plural:
• -adzi for masculine nouns with accent on the last vocal: pãradzi (coins/money)
• -ate or -ati for feminine: nemusorizmate (lots of snow)
Notes:
• Genitive form with a for singular and plural masculine nouns, but also for singular and plural feminine nouns express the object that is possessed : muma a ficiorlui, a ficiorlor, a featiljei, a featilor
• a is also found in the dative form: lju dau a vitsinlui
• for genitive-dative in feminine form with definite article the article becomes “ali”: ali feate
• the genitive-dative form is formed by adding the definite article in front of the masculine noun: al Gog
Proper nouns for town with the function of object expressing the destination or state are usually built without preposition: mi duc Bitule (I go to Bitolia), but also with preposition: s-dusi n Sãrunã (he went to Salonic).


===General===
; MT systems
* [http://www.unibuc.ro/CLASSICA/dialectularoman/cuprins.htm CAPIDAN, Theodor, ''The Aromanians. The Aromanian Dialect. Linguistic Study''] Bucharest, 1932
* CAPIDAN, Theodor - "The Farseroti - Linguistical study on the Romanians of Albania" (1935), "The Nomadic Romanians" Cluj (1926), "The Megleno-Romanians - Their history and speech" (vol. I) și "Their popular literature" (vol. II) - Bucharest 1925 - 1928);


===Machine translation===
*[http://www.freelang.net/online/aromanian.php] FREELANG Aromanian-English and English-Aromanian online dictionary
*[http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/aromanian.php] FREELANG software dictionary for Windows


===Grammars===


* Iancu Ianachieschi- Vlahu Gramatica simplã shi practicã, Crushuva 1993, 1997.
;Grammars
* BARA, Mariana, "Limba armãneascã. vocabular și stil", Editura Cartea Universitară, București, 2007, 204 p.; ISBN 978-973-731-551-9. (Aromanian language. Vocabulary and style)
* CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU, Matilda; Saramandu, Nicolae, ''Manual de aromână'', Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005 (Aromanian manual)
* [http://www.farsarotul.org/nl23_3.htm CUNIA, Tiberiu, ''On the Standardisation of the Aromanian System of Writing. The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997'']
* SALA, Marius (coordonator), ''Enciclopedia limbilor romanice'', E. Ș. E., București, 1989.


===Morphology===
* CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Fono-morfologie aromână : studiu de dialectologie structurală” București : Editura Academiei RSR, 1968.
* JANURA P. “Sufixe nominale të perbashta në gjuhët romune (aromune) dhe shqipe : disa krahasime me sufixet e gjuhëve të balkanike” in Je, no 1-2 (1969) P. 108-129 : no 3 (1969) P. 87-105. Tirana.
* BARA, Mariana, ''Le lexique latin hérité en aroumain dans une perspective romane'', LincomEuropa Verlag, München, 2004, 231 p.; ISBN 3-89586-980-5.
* BARA, Mariana; KAHL, Thede; SOBOLEV, Andrej N., ''Južnoaromynskij govor sela Turia: Krania Grevenon, Pind. Etnolingvistika, Leksika, Sintaksa, Teksty'' (Graiul aromân de sud din satul Turia: Krania Grebene, Pind. Etnolingvistică, lexic, sintaxă, texte), Marburg, Sankt-Peterburg, 2005, ISBN 3-932331-59-1.


===Dictionaries===


;Monolingual
;Wordlists
* [http://roa-rup.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:AllPages Aromanian wikitionary]
* CUNIA, Tiberius, [http://www.scribd.com/doc/15475589/Tiberius-CuniaDictsiunar-a-Limbljei-Armneasc ''Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã''], Editura Cartea Aromãnã, 2010 (aromanian dictionary)


;Multilingual
* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Aromanian_Swadesh_list Aromanian Swadesh list] (Wiktionary, Aromanian--English)


* Prof. Emil Vrabie "An English-Aromanian Dictionary"
;Dictionaries (monolingual)
* Aromanian - English Dictionary: http://www.jargot.com/dict/armaneasca/
* Aromanian - English and English - Aromanian : http://www.freelang.net/online/aromanian.php
* PAPAHAGI Tache, “Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic = Dictionnaire aroumain (macédo-roumain)” București : Ed. Academiei RPR, 1963 [2e éd. 1974]
* "The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Aromanian. Njiclu amirārush. Translated by Maria Bara and Thede Kahl, ISBN 978-3-937467-37-5.
* [http://www.vlahoi.net/ Greek Vlach website]


;Wordlists
;Dictionaries (bi/multi-lingual)


* [http://vocabulary-online.com Vocabularies for 150 languages] (Flashcard learning)
;Corpora
* [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Aromanian_Swadesh_list Aromanian Swadesh list] (Wiktionary, Aromanian--English)
* [http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED372602.pdf Raw list of translations from English to Aromanian]


;Miscellaneous
===Miscellaneous===


* FRIEDMAN, Victor A., The Vlah Minority in Macedonia: Language, Identity, Dialectology, and Standardisation, Selected Papers in Slavic, Balkan, and Balkan Studies, ed. Juhani Nuoluoto, Martii Leiwo, Jussi Halla-aho, Slavica Helsingiensa, 21. Universitatea din Helsinki, 2001
* DAHMEN Wolfgang, KRAMER B, KRAMER Johannes, ROLSHOVEN J, “ Dialektologsche Forschungen bei den Aromunen “
* Tiberius Cunia. 1999. [http://www.farsarotul.org/nl23_3.htm On the strandardisation of the aromanian system of writing]
* CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “La romanité sud-danubienne : l’aroumain et le mégléno-roumain” in La Linguistique, vol. 8, fasc. 1 (Paris : 1972). P. 105-122.
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromanian_language Aromanian language] (Wikipedia, English)
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromanian_language Aromanian language] (Wikipedia, English)
* [http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_arom%C3%A2n%C4%83 Limba aromană] (Wikipedia, Romanian)
* [http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_arom%C3%A2n%C4%83 Limba aromană] (Wikipedia, Romanian)
* Kahl, Thede - "Istoria aromânilor", Editura Tritonic, București, 2006;
* V. Papacostea - "Aromanian Documents" (1860 - 1870);
* CANDREA I.A. “Texte meglenite” in Grai si suflet, no 1 (Bucuresti : 1929). P. 100-127.
* CAPIDAN Theodor, “Meglenoromânii” Bucuresti : Academia româna, 1925 ; 1928 (Studii si cercetari ; 7). 3 vol. [1 : Istoria si graiul lor ; 2 : Literatura populara la meglenoromâni ; 3 : Dictionar meglenoromân.]
* CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Intorno alla publicazione della Bibliografia macedoromena” in Balkan Archiv, neue Folge no 11, Hamburg : 1986. P. 247-278.
* CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “La soubordinazione circonstanziale ipotattica nella frase del dialetto aromeno (macedo-romeno)” Napoli : Istituto universitario orientale, 1982.
* CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Gli aromeni e la questione aromena nei documenti dell’archivo storico diplomatico del Ministerio degli affari esteri italiano” in Storia contemporanea, no 5 (Roma : 1987) ; no 4 (1990). P. 928-1007 ; 633-662.
* DASKALESCU C. “ Scrisori din teara tintereasca si poesii noue [caractere chirilice]” Iasi : 1847.
* DIMA Nicholas 1978 “Romanian minorities in South-East Europe” in Buletinul bibliotecii române, vol. VI, serie noua, Freiburg i Br. : Rumänisches Forschungsinstitut, 1978. P. 337-366.
* NOULAS Vassilis (Hrsg.), “Aromounische Hirtenerzählungen aus dem Pindusgebirge : von Nereiden, Moiren, Dämonen, Drachen, Toten und Träume gesammelt” Zürich : Verlag Madliger-Schwab, 1981
* POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution “ in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45
*[http://www.armanami.org/ Aromanian Language website]
*[http://www.vlach.gr Στα Βλάχικα - In Vlach: A website about the Vlach language in Greece]
*[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=rup Ethnologue entry for Aromanian]
*[http://www.vlachs.gr Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs]
*[http://www.greekhelsinki.gr/bhr/english/special_issues/aromanians.html Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organisation: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece]
*[http://www.verbix.com/documents/romanian.htm Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian]
*[http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~bjoseph/publications/1999roma.pdf Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian]
*[http://www.CTArm.org Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj - CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects]
* [http://www.scd-lunjina.org/ Armans Association from Serbia]
* [http://www.aromanii.ro/ Armans Cultural Association from Romania]

===Corpora===

* CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Definition einer Volksgruppe : Glotta und Ethnos der Aromunen” in Österreichische Osthefte, no 2 (Wien : 1971). P. 140-151.
* DAHMEN Wolfgang, KRAMER Johannes, “Enquête directe à l’aide d’enregistrement sur bandes magnétiques : expériences faites au cours d’enquêtes pour l’Atlas linguistique des parlers aroumains de la Grèce” in Archives sonores de dialectologie. Amiens : 1978. P. 55-63.
* GHEORGHEVIC-SPOA Risto, IOVANOVIC Zoran “Cântiti armânesti” Skopije : Societatea armâneasca Pitu Guli, 1982.
* GOLAB Zbigniev “Szic dialektu Arumunow macedonskich” in Zeszyty naukowa uniwersytetu Jagielonskiego-fil, Cracovia : 1961. P. 175-200.
* KAHL, Thede, Istoria aromânilor, Editura Tritonic, București, 2006
* POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution” in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45.
* TRUDGILL P., “Ausbau sociolinguistics of Greece” in Plurilinguismes no 4 (june 1992). P. 167-191.



[[Category:Aromanian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Latest revision as of 05:32, 1 December 2017

Aromanian (Wikipedia:Aromanian language) is a Romance language. Currently there is no language pair in Apertium involving Aromanian (see list of language pairs).


General[edit]

Machine translation[edit]

  • [1] FREELANG Aromanian-English and English-Aromanian online dictionary
  • [2] FREELANG software dictionary for Windows

Grammars[edit]

  • Iancu Ianachieschi- Vlahu Gramatica simplã shi practicã, Crushuva 1993, 1997.
  • BARA, Mariana, "Limba armãneascã. vocabular și stil", Editura Cartea Universitară, București, 2007, 204 p.; ISBN 978-973-731-551-9. (Aromanian language. Vocabulary and style)
  • CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU, Matilda; Saramandu, Nicolae, Manual de aromână, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005 (Aromanian manual)
  • CUNIA, Tiberiu, On the Standardisation of the Aromanian System of Writing. The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997
  • SALA, Marius (coordonator), Enciclopedia limbilor romanice, E. Ș. E., București, 1989.

Morphology[edit]

  • CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Fono-morfologie aromână : studiu de dialectologie structurală” București : Editura Academiei RSR, 1968.
  • JANURA P. “Sufixe nominale të perbashta në gjuhët romune (aromune) dhe shqipe : disa krahasime me sufixet e gjuhëve të balkanike” in Je, no 1-2 (1969) P. 108-129 : no 3 (1969) P. 87-105. Tirana.
  • BARA, Mariana, Le lexique latin hérité en aroumain dans une perspective romane, LincomEuropa Verlag, München, 2004, 231 p.; ISBN 3-89586-980-5.
  • BARA, Mariana; KAHL, Thede; SOBOLEV, Andrej N., Južnoaromynskij govor sela Turia: Krania Grevenon, Pind. Etnolingvistika, Leksika, Sintaksa, Teksty (Graiul aromân de sud din satul Turia: Krania Grebene, Pind. Etnolingvistică, lexic, sintaxă, texte), Marburg, Sankt-Peterburg, 2005, ISBN 3-932331-59-1.

Dictionaries[edit]

Monolingual
Multilingual
  • Prof. Emil Vrabie "An English-Aromanian Dictionary"
  • Aromanian - English Dictionary: http://www.jargot.com/dict/armaneasca/
  • Aromanian - English and English - Aromanian : http://www.freelang.net/online/aromanian.php
  • PAPAHAGI Tache, “Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic = Dictionnaire aroumain (macédo-roumain)” București : Ed. Academiei RPR, 1963 [2e éd. 1974]
  • "The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Aromanian. Njiclu amirārush. Translated by Maria Bara and Thede Kahl, ISBN 978-3-937467-37-5.
  • Greek Vlach website
Wordlists

Miscellaneous[edit]

Corpora[edit]

  • CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Definition einer Volksgruppe : Glotta und Ethnos der Aromunen” in Österreichische Osthefte, no 2 (Wien : 1971). P. 140-151.
  • DAHMEN Wolfgang, KRAMER Johannes, “Enquête directe à l’aide d’enregistrement sur bandes magnétiques : expériences faites au cours d’enquêtes pour l’Atlas linguistique des parlers aroumains de la Grèce” in Archives sonores de dialectologie. Amiens : 1978. P. 55-63.
  • GHEORGHEVIC-SPOA Risto, IOVANOVIC Zoran “Cântiti armânesti” Skopije : Societatea armâneasca Pitu Guli, 1982.
  • GOLAB Zbigniev “Szic dialektu Arumunow macedonskich” in Zeszyty naukowa uniwersytetu Jagielonskiego-fil, Cracovia : 1961. P. 175-200.
  • KAHL, Thede, Istoria aromânilor, Editura Tritonic, București, 2006
  • POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution” in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45.
  • TRUDGILL P., “Ausbau sociolinguistics of Greece” in Plurilinguismes no 4 (june 1992). P. 167-191.
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