Difference between revisions of "Languages of the Caucasus"

Latest revision as of 17:51, 27 August 2017

The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families. The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact). A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages. North Caucasus languages include Kumyk, Nogay, Karachay-Balkar, Avar, Chechen, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Ossetian, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Ingushetian, etc., while South Caucasus languages include Georgian, Azeri, and Armenian.

Status[edit]

kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lbe, lez, kat, aze, hye

Transducers[edit]

name	Language	native name	ISO 639		formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
name	Language	native name	-2	-3	formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
`apertium-kum`	Kumyk	къумукъ тил	`-`	`kum`	HFST (lexc+twol)	working	4,918	~90.2%	apertium-kum (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-ava`	Avar	Магӏарул мацӏ	`-`	`ava`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	4,904	~86.5%	apertium-ava (languages)	Fran,
`apertium-nog`	Nogay	Ногай тили	`-`	`nog`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	1,385	~81.4%	apertium-nog (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
`apertium-hye`	Armenian		`-`	`hye`	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	8,247	~63.5%	apertium-hye (languages)	Fran,
`apertium-oss`	Ossetian		`os`	`oss`	lttoolbox	development	111	~17%	apertium-oss (incubator)
`apertium-aze`	Azerbaijani	Azərbaycan dili	`az`	`aze`	SFST	not known to work			apertium-tur-aze (staging)	Gianluca

Languages by family[edit]

Turkic: Kumyk, Nogay, Azerbaijani
Daghestani: Avar, Chechen, Ingush, Lak, Lezgian
Indo-European: Armenian, Ossetian
Kartvelian: Georgian
North-West Caucasian: Abkhaz, Adyghe

Existing language pairs[edit]

	kum	nog	krc	ava	che	oss	abk	ady	inh	kat	aze	hye
kum	-
nog		-
krc			-
ava				-
che					-
oss						-
abk							-
ady								-
inh									-
kat										-
aze											-
hye												-

eng												hye-eng 12,218
kaz	kaz-kum 561	nog-kaz 9
rus				ava-rus 5,509
tur											tur-aze 8,194

Endangerment[edit]

Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Status
Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Ethnologue	UNESCO
Nogay	`nog`	Russian Federation	87,410	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Kumyk	`kum`	Russian Federation	426,550	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Ossetic	`oss`	Georgia, Russian Federation	577,450	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Kabardian	`kbd`	Russian Federation, Turkey	1,628,500	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Lak	`lbe`	Russian Federation	153,170	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Karachay-Balkar	`krc`	Russian Federation	310,730	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Ingush	`inh`	Russian Federation	322,900	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Avar	`ava`	Russian Federation	761,960	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Lezgi	`lez`	Azerbaijan, Russian Federation	788,720	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Abkhaz	`abk`	Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey	112,740	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Adyghe	`ady`	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey	491,800	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Chechen	`che`	Russian Federation	1,361,000	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Georgian	`kat`	Georgia	4,237,710	1 (National)	-
Armenian	`hye`	Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation	5,924,320	1 (National)	3 (Severely endangered)
Azerbaijani, Northern	`azj`	Azerbaijan	7,324,270	1 (National)	-

Examples[edit]

UDHR

Language	Text
Ossetian	Адӕймӕгтӕ се' ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
Abkhaz	Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп.
Georgian	ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით.
Armenian	Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։

Difference between revisions of "Languages of the Caucasus"

Latest revision as of 17:51, 27 August 2017

Contents

Status[edit]

Transducers[edit]

Languages by family[edit]

Existing language pairs[edit]

Endangerment[edit]

Examples[edit]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{TOCD}}
-The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families.  The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact).  A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages.  North Caucasus languages include [[Kumyk]], [[Nogay]], [[Karachay-Balkar]], [[Avar]], [[Chechen]], [[Ossetian]], [[Abkhaz]], [[Adyghe]], [[Ingushetian]], etc., while South Caucasus languages include [[Georgian]], [[Azeri]], and [[Armenian]].
+The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families.  The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact).  A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages.  North Caucasus languages include [[Kumyk]], [[Nogay]], [[Karachay-Balkar]], [[Avar]], [[Chechen]], [[Kabardian]], [[Lak]], [[Lezgian]], [[Ossetian]], [[Abkhaz]], [[Adyghe]], [[Ingushetian]], etc., while South Caucasus languages include [[Georgian]], [[Azeri]], and [[Armenian]].
 == Status ==
-kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kat, aze, hye
+kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lbe, lez, kat, aze, hye
 === Transducers ===
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|-
+!rowspan=2| name
+!rowspan=2| Language
+!rowspan=2| native name
+!colspan=2 class="unsortable"| ISO 639
+!rowspan=2| formalism
+!rowspan=2| state
+!rowspan=2| stems
+!rowspan=2| coverage
+!rowspan=2| location
+!rowspan=2 class="unsortable"| primary authors
+|-class="sortbottom"
+! -2
+! -3
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-kum]]</code>
+|| [[Kumyk]]
+|| къумукъ тил
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>kum</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| working
+|align="right"| {{#lst:apertium-kum/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"| [[Apertium-kum#Current_State|~{{:Apertium-kum/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-kum]]&nbsp;([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]], [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-ava]]</code>
+|| [[Avar]]
+|| Магӏарул мацӏ
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>ava</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-ava/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"|  [[apertium-ava#Current_State|~{{:apertium-ava/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-ava]] ([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-nog]]</code>
+|| [[Nogay]]
+|| Ногай тили
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>nog</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-nog/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"|  [[apertium-nog#Current_State|~{{:apertium-nog/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-nog]] ([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],  [[User:Firespeaker|Jonathan]]
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-hye]]</code>
+|| [[Armenian]]
+||
+|| <code>-</code>
+|| <code>hye</code>
+|| HFST (lexc+twol)
+|| development
+|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-hye/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"|  [[apertium-hye#Current_State|~{{:apertium-hye/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-hye]] ([[languages]])
+|| [[User:Francis Tyers|Fran]],
+|-
+|| <code>[[apertium-oss]]</code>
+|| [[Ossetian]]
+||
+|| <code>os</code>
+|| <code>oss</code>
+|| [[lttoolbox]]
+|| development
+|align="right"|{{#lst:apertium-oss/stats|stems}}
+|align="center"|  [[apertium-oss#Current_State|~{{:apertium-oss/stats/average}}%]]
+|| [[apertium-oss]]&nbsp;([[incubator]])
+||
+|-
+| <code>[[apertium-aze]]</code>
+|| [[Azerbaijani]]
+|| Azərbaycan dili
+|| <code>az</code>
+|| <code>aze</code>
+|| SFST
+|| not known to work
+||
+||
+|| [[apertium-tur-aze]] ([[staging]])
+|| [[User:zfe|Gianluca]]
+|}
+=== Languages by family ===
+* [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]: [[Kumyk]], [[Nogay]], Azerbaijani
+* Daghestani: [[Avar]], [[Chechen]], [[Ingush]], Lak, Lezgian
+* Indo-European: [[Armenian]], [[Ossetian]]
+* Kartvelian: Georgian
+* North-West Caucasian: Abkhaz, Adyghe
 === Existing language pairs ===
-{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable"
+{| style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable dixtable"
 |- style="background: #ececec"
 ! !! kum !! nog !! krc !! ava !! che !! oss !! abk !! ady !! inh !! kat !! aze !! hye
@@ Line 36: / Line 136: @@
 |  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''eng''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-hye-eng|hye-eng]]<br>12,218
+| '''eng''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || [[Apertium-hye-eng|hye-eng]]<br>{{#lst:Apertium-hye-eng/stats|hye-eng_stems}}
 |-
-| '''kaz''' || ''[[Apertium-kaz-kum|kaz-kum]]''<br>8 || ''[[Apertium-nog-kaz|nog-kaz]]''<br>9 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+| '''kaz''' || ''[[Apertium-kaz-kum|kaz-kum]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-kaz-kum/stats|kaz-kum_stems}} || ''[[Apertium-nog-kaz|nog-kaz]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-nog-kaz/stats|nog-kaz_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''rus''' ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-ava-rus|ava-rus]]''<br>1,432 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
+| '''rus''' ||  ||  ||  || ''[[Apertium-ava-rus|ava-rus]]''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-ava-rus/stats|ava-rus_stems}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
 |-
-| '''tur''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || '''''[[Apertium-tur-aze|tur-aze]]'''''<br>8,194 ||
+| '''tur''' ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || '''''[[Apertium-tur-aze|tur-aze]]'''''<br>{{#lst:Apertium-tur-aze/stats|tur-aze_stems}} ||
 |}
 == Endangerment ==
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+!rowspan=2| Language
+!rowspan=2| ISO639-3
+!rowspan=2| Location
+!rowspan=2| Speakers
+!colspan=2|Status
+|-class="sortbottom"
+! Ethnologue
+! UNESCO
+|-
+|| Nogay
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/nog nog]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 87,410
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 2 (Definitely endangered)
+|-
+|| Kumyk
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kum kum]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 426,550
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Ossetic
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/oss oss]</code>
+|| Georgia, Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 577,450
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Kabardian
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kbd kbd]</code>
+|| Russian Federation, Turkey
+|align="right"| 1,628,500
+|| 5 (Developing)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Lak
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbe lbe]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 153,170
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Karachay-Balkar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/krc krc]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 310,730
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Ingush
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/inh inh]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 322,900
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Avar
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ava ava]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 761,960
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Lezgi
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/lez lez]</code>
+|| Azerbaijan, Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 788,720
+|| 4 (Educational)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Abkhaz
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/abk abk]</code>
+|| Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey
+|align="right"| 112,740
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Adyghe
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ady ady]</code>
+|| Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey
+|align="right"| 491,800
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Chechen
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/che che]</code>
+|| Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 1,361,000
+|| 2 (Provincial)
+|| 1 (Vulnerable)
+|-
+|| Georgian
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kat kat]</code>
+|| Georgia
+|align="right"| 4,237,710
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|-
+|| Armenian
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/hye hye]</code>
+|| Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation
+|align="right"| 5,924,320
+|| 1 (National)
+|| 3 (Severely endangered)
+|-
+|| Azerbaijani, Northern
+|align="center"| <code>[http://www.ethnologue.com/language/azj azj]</code>
+|| Azerbaijan
+|align="right"| 7,324,270
+|| 1 (National)
+|| -
+|}
 == Examples ==
@@ Line 53: / Line 268: @@
 ! Language !! Text
 |-
-|| Ossetian || Адӕймӕгтӕ се¢ ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
+|| Ossetian || Адӕймӕгтӕ се' ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
 |-
 || Abkhaz || Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп.
@@ Line 61: / Line 276: @@
 || Armenian || Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։
 |}
+[[Category:Languages of the Caucasus|*]]