Difference between revisions of "Mandarin Chinese"
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* [http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)] |
* [http://www.hudong.com/wiki/%E3%80%8A%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8D%8E%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%E3%80%8B 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)] |
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* [http://www.zdic.net/ 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)] |
* [http://www.zdic.net/ 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)] |
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* [http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/index.html 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)] |
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;Multilingual |
;Multilingual |
Revision as of 06:53, 13 December 2015
Mandarin Chinese (Wikipedia:Mandarin Chinese) is a Sino-Tibetan language(Wikipedia:Sino-Tibetan languages). Currently there is no stable language pair in Apertium involving Mandarin Chinese (see list of language pairs).
General
- Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mandarin Chinese". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- —— (1991), "What Is a Chinese "Dialect/Topolect"? Reflections on Some Key Sino-English Linguistic terms", Sino-Platonic Papers 29: 1–31
- Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
- Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The Languages of China, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
- Wurm, Stephen Adolphe; Li, Rong; Baumann, Theo; Lee, Mei W. (1987), Language Atlas of China, Longman, ISBN 978-962-359-085-3.
- Yan, Margaret Mian (2006), Introduction to Chinese Dialectology, LINCOM Europa, ISBN 978-3-89586-629-6.
- Yue, Anne O. (2003), "Chinese dialects: grammar", in Thurgood, Graham; LaPolla, Randy J. (eds.), The Sino-Tibetan languages, Routledge, pp. 84–125, ISBN 978-0-7007-1129-1.
Machine translation
- [1] FREELANG Aromanian-English and English-Aromanian online dictionary
- [2] FREELANG software dictionary for Windows
Grammars
- Iancu Ianachieschi- Vlahu Gramatica simplã shi practicã, Crushuva 1993, 1997.
- BARA, Mariana, "Limba armãneascã. vocabular și stil", Editura Cartea Universitară, București, 2007, 204 p.; ISBN 978-973-731-551-9. (Aromanian language. Vocabulary and style)
- CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU, Matilda; Saramandu, Nicolae, Manual de aromână, Editura Academiei Române, București, 2005 (Aromanian manual)
- CUNIA, Tiberiu, On the Standardisation of the Aromanian System of Writing. The Bituli-Macedonia Symposium of August 1997
- SALA, Marius (coordonator), Enciclopedia limbilor romanice, E. Ș. E., București, 1989.
Morphology
- CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Fono-morfologie aromână : studiu de dialectologie structurală” București : Editura Academiei RSR, 1968.
- JANURA P. “Sufixe nominale të perbashta në gjuhët romune (aromune) dhe shqipe : disa krahasime me sufixet e gjuhëve të balkanike” in Je, no 1-2 (1969) P. 108-129 : no 3 (1969) P. 87-105. Tirana.
- BARA, Mariana, Le lexique latin hérité en aroumain dans une perspective romane, LincomEuropa Verlag, München, 2004, 231 p.; ISBN 3-89586-980-5.
- BARA, Mariana; KAHL, Thede; SOBOLEV, Andrej N., Južnoaromynskij govor sela Turia: Krania Grevenon, Pind. Etnolingvistika, Leksika, Sintaksa, Teksty (Graiul aromân de sud din satul Turia: Krania Grebene, Pind. Etnolingvistică, lexic, sintaxă, texte), Marburg, Sankt-Peterburg, 2005, ISBN 3-932331-59-1.
Dictionaries
- Monolingual
- 《全球华语词典》 (Global Chinese Dictionary)
- 漢典 (Handian Dictionary)
- 教育部重編國語辭典修訂本 (Dictionary of Mandarin from Ministry of Education, R.O.C.)
- Multilingual
- Prof. Emil Vrabie "An English-Aromanian Dictionary"
- Aromanian - English Dictionary: http://www.jargot.com/dict/armaneasca/
- Aromanian - English and English - Aromanian : http://www.freelang.net/online/aromanian.php
- PAPAHAGI Tache, “Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic = Dictionnaire aroumain (macédo-roumain)” București : Ed. Academiei RPR, 1963 [2e éd. 1974]
- "The Little Prince" by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry in Aromanian. Njiclu amirārush. Translated by Maria Bara and Thede Kahl, ISBN 978-3-937467-37-5.
- Greek Vlach website
- Wordlists
- Vocabularies for 150 languages (Flashcard learning)
- Aromanian Swadesh list (Wiktionary, Aromanian--English)
- Raw list of translations from English to Aromanian
Miscellaneous
- FRIEDMAN, Victor A., The Vlah Minority in Macedonia: Language, Identity, Dialectology, and Standardisation, Selected Papers in Slavic, Balkan, and Balkan Studies, ed. Juhani Nuoluoto, Martii Leiwo, Jussi Halla-aho, Slavica Helsingiensa, 21. Universitatea din Helsinki, 2001
- DAHMEN Wolfgang, KRAMER B, KRAMER Johannes, ROLSHOVEN J, “ Dialektologsche Forschungen bei den Aromunen “
- Tiberius Cunia. 1999. On the strandardisation of the aromanian system of writing
- CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “La romanité sud-danubienne : l’aroumain et le mégléno-roumain” in La Linguistique, vol. 8, fasc. 1 (Paris : 1972). P. 105-122.
- Aromanian language (Wikipedia, English)
- Limba aromană (Wikipedia, Romanian)
- Kahl, Thede - "Istoria aromânilor", Editura Tritonic, București, 2006;
- V. Papacostea - "Aromanian Documents" (1860 - 1870);
- CANDREA I.A. “Texte meglenite” in Grai si suflet, no 1 (Bucuresti : 1929). P. 100-127.
- CAPIDAN Theodor, “Meglenoromânii” Bucuresti : Academia româna, 1925 ; 1928 (Studii si cercetari ; 7). 3 vol. [1 : Istoria si graiul lor ; 2 : Literatura populara la meglenoromâni ; 3 : Dictionar meglenoromân.]
- CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Intorno alla publicazione della Bibliografia macedoromena” in Balkan Archiv, neue Folge no 11, Hamburg : 1986. P. 247-278.
- CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “La soubordinazione circonstanziale ipotattica nella frase del dialetto aromeno (macedo-romeno)” Napoli : Istituto universitario orientale, 1982.
- CARAGIANI Gheorghe, “Gli aromeni e la questione aromena nei documenti dell’archivo storico diplomatico del Ministerio degli affari esteri italiano” in Storia contemporanea, no 5 (Roma : 1987) ; no 4 (1990). P. 928-1007 ; 633-662.
- DASKALESCU C. “ Scrisori din teara tintereasca si poesii noue [caractere chirilice]” Iasi : 1847.
- DIMA Nicholas 1978 “Romanian minorities in South-East Europe” in Buletinul bibliotecii române, vol. VI, serie noua, Freiburg i Br. : Rumänisches Forschungsinstitut, 1978. P. 337-366.
- NOULAS Vassilis (Hrsg.), “Aromounische Hirtenerzählungen aus dem Pindusgebirge : von Nereiden, Moiren, Dämonen, Drachen, Toten und Träume gesammelt” Zürich : Verlag Madliger-Schwab, 1981
- POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution “ in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45
- Aromanian Language website
- Στα Βλάχικα - In Vlach: A website about the Vlach language in Greece
- Ethnologue entry for Aromanian
- Asterios Koukoudis: Studies on the Vlachs
- Greek Helsinki Human Rights Organisation: Aromanians (Vlachs) in Greece
- Conjugation of verbs in Aromanian and Istro-Romanian
- Romanian and the Balkans, with some references to Aromanian
- Consiliul A Tinirlor Armanj - CTARM , webpage about Youth Aromanians and their projects
- Armans Association from Serbia
- Armans Cultural Association from Romania
Corpora
- CARAGIU-MARIOTEANU Matilda, “Definition einer Volksgruppe : Glotta und Ethnos der Aromunen” in Österreichische Osthefte, no 2 (Wien : 1971). P. 140-151.
- DAHMEN Wolfgang, KRAMER Johannes, “Enquête directe à l’aide d’enregistrement sur bandes magnétiques : expériences faites au cours d’enquêtes pour l’Atlas linguistique des parlers aroumains de la Grèce” in Archives sonores de dialectologie. Amiens : 1978. P. 55-63.
- GHEORGHEVIC-SPOA Risto, IOVANOVIC Zoran “Cântiti armânesti” Skopije : Societatea armâneasca Pitu Guli, 1982.
- GOLAB Zbigniev “Szic dialektu Arumunow macedonskich” in Zeszyty naukowa uniwersytetu Jagielonskiego-fil, Cracovia : 1961. P. 175-200.
- KAHL, Thede, Istoria aromânilor, Editura Tritonic, București, 2006
- POGHIRC Cicerone. 1990 “Romanisation linguistique et culturelle dans les Balkans : survivances et évolution” in Les Aroumains, Paris : Publications Langues’O, 1989 (Cahiers du Centre d’étude des civilisations d’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est ; 8). P. 9-45.
- TRUDGILL P., “Ausbau sociolinguistics of Greece” in Plurilinguismes no 4 (june 1992). P. 167-191.