Languages of the Caucasus

The Caucasus is home to a number of languages and language families. The term "Languages of the Caucasus" is mostly a geographic grouping and does not imply anything about the relatedness of the languages or even their similarity (due to processes like language contact). A division may be made between North Caucasus languages and South Caucasus languages. North Caucasus languages include Kumyk, Nogay, Karachay-Balkar, Avar, Chechen, Kabardian, Lak, Lezgian, Ossetian, Abkhaz, Adyghe, Ingushetian, etc., while South Caucasus languages include Georgian, Azeri, and Armenian.

Status

kum, nog, krc, ava, che, oss, abk, ady, inh, kbd, lbe, lez, kat, aze, hye

Transducers

name	Language	native name	ISO 639		formalism	state	stems	coverage	location	primary authors
			-2	-3
apertium-kum	Kymyk	къумукъ тил	-	kum	HFST (lexc+twol)	working	4,918	~90.2%	apertium-kum (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
apertium-ava	Avar	Магӏарул мацӏ	-	ava	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	4,904	~86.5%	apertium-ava (languages)	Fran,
apertium-nog	Nogay	Ногай тили	-	nog	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	1,385	~81.4%	apertium-nog (languages)	Fran, Jonathan
apertium-hye	Armenian		-	hye	HFST (lexc+twol)	development	8,247	~63.5%	apertium-hye (languages)	Fran,
apertium-oss	Ossetian		os	oss	lttoolbox	development	111	~17%	apertium-oss (incubator)
apertium-aze	Azerbaijani	Azərbaycan dili	az	aze	SFST	not known to work			apertium-tur-aze (staging)	Gianluca

Languages by family

• Turkic: Kumyk, Nogay, Azerbaijani
• Daghestani: Avar, Chechen, Ingushetian, Lak, Lezgian
• Indo-European: Armenian, Ossetian
• Kartvelian: Georgian
• NW Caucasian: Abkhaz, Adyghe

Existing language pairs

	kum	nog	krc	ava	che	oss	abk	ady	inh	kat	aze	hye
kum	-
nog		-
krc			-
ava				-
che					-
oss						-
abk							-
ady								-
inh									-
kat										-
aze											-
hye												-
eng												hye-eng 12,218
kaz	kaz-kum 8	nog-kaz 9
rus				ava-rus 1,432
tur											tur-aze 8,194

Endangerment

Language	ISO639-3	Location	Speakers	Status
				Ethnologue	UNESCO
Nogay	nog	Russian Federation	87,410	5 (Developing)	2 (Definitely endangered)
Kumyk	kum	Russian Federation	426,550	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Ossetic	oss	Georgia, Russian Federation	577,450	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Kabardian	kbd	Russian Federation, Turkey	1,628,500	5 (Developing)	1 (Vulnerable)
Lak	lbe	Russian Federation	153,170	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Karachay-Balkar	krc	Russian Federation	310,730	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Ingush	inh	Russian Federation	322,900	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Avar	ava	Russian Federation	761,960	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Lezgi	lez	Azerbaijan, Russian Federation	788,720	4 (Educational)	1 (Vulnerable)
Abkhaz	abk	Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey	112,740	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Adyghe	ady	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey	491,800	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Chechen	che	Russian Federation	1,361,000	2 (Provincial)	1 (Vulnerable)
Georgian	kat	Georgia	4,237,710	1 (National)	-
Armenian	hye	Armenia & Georgia, Russian Federation	5,924,320	1 (National)	3 (Severely endangered)
Azerbaijani, Northern	azj	Azerbaijan	7,324,270	1 (National)	-

Examples

• UDHR

Language	Text
Ossetian	Адӕймӕгтӕ се' ппӕт дӕр райгуырынц сӕрибарӕй ӕмӕ ӕмхуызонӕй сӕ барты. Уыдон ӕххӕст сты зонд ӕмӕ намысӕй, ӕмӕ кӕрӕдзийӕн хъуамӕ уой ӕфсымӕрты хуызӕн.
Abkhaz	Дарбанзаалак ауаҩы дшоуп ихы дақәиҭны. Ауаа зегь зинлеи патулеи еиҟароуп. Урҭ ирымоуп ахшыҩи аламыси, дара дарагь аешьеи аешьеи реиҧш еизыҟазароуп.
Georgian	ყველა ადამიანი იბადება თავისუფალი და თანასწორი თავისი ღირსებითა და უფლებებით. მათ მინიჭებული აქვთ გონება და სინდისი და ერთმანეთის მიმართ უნდა იქცეოდნენ ძმობის სულისკვეთებით.
Armenian	Բոլոր մարդիկ ծնվում են ազատ ու հավասար իրենց արժանապատվությամբ ու իրավունքներով։ Նրանք ունեն բանականություն ու խիղճ և միմյանց պետք է եղբայրաբար վերաբերվեն։