Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkmen"

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{{TOCD}}
==Verb-final voicing==
==Verb-final voicing==


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** sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
** sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
** tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
** tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
** tap>{U}p:tapyp
** çap>{U}p:çapyp
** sep>{U}p:sepip
* t
* t
** ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
** ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
Line 23: Line 27:
** <code>iç>{U}p</code>:içip
** <code>iç>{U}p</code>:içip
** goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
** goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
** seç>{U}p:seçip
** saç>{s}{I}{n}:saçy
* k
* k
** <code>bak>ý{Ä}r</code>:bakýar
** <code>bak>ý{Ä}r</code>:bakýar
Line 36: Line 42:
** kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
** kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
** jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
** jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
** tep>{U}p tebip
* t
* t
** <code>et>{U}p</code>:edip
** <code>et>{U}p</code>:edip
Line 51: Line 58:
** demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
** demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
** hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy
** hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy
** ýak>{U}p:ýagyp
** ýyk>{U}p:ýygyp


</div>
</div>


=== As a table ===
=== As a table ===
Assuming it's intervocalic (+before ý{Ä}r), we get


{|class=wikitable
{|class=wikitable
|-
|-
| voiced
!
!colspan=2| Voicing happens
!colspan=2| before %>: :Vow
!colspan=2| Voicing doesn't happen
!colspan=2| never
!colspan=2| always
|-
|-
| voiceless
! !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs
!colspan=2| syllable-finally
!colspan=2| always
!colspan=2| never
|-
|-
! !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs !! nouns !! verbs
! p
|-
! p/b
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap
|valign="top"| mekdep<br />sebäp<br />kitap<br />jogap
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| tarap
|valign="top"| tarap
|valign="top"| ýap
|valign="top"| ýap<br />tap<br />çap<br />sep
|valign="top"| klub
|valign="top"|
|-
|-
! t
! t/d
|valign="top"| zat
|valign="top"| zat<br />ýurt
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt
|valign="top"| et<br />git<br />döret<br />aýt
|valign="top"| döwlet
|valign="top"| döwlet
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet
|valign="top"| ýat<br />ýet
|valign="top"| metod<br />milliard<br />wodoprowod<br />wodorod<br />wzwod
|valign="top"| sorkuld
|-
|-
! ç
! ç/j
|valign="top"| güýç<br />gylyç
|valign="top"| güýç<br />gylyç
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"| goç
|valign="top"| goç<br />saç
|valign="top"| iç
|valign="top"| iç<br />seç
|valign="top"| massaj(?)
|-
! k
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk
|valign="top"|
|valign="top"|
|-
|valign="top"| aşak
! k/g
|valign="top"| pişik<br />töwerek<br />demirgazyk<br />hukuk<br />aşak
|valign="top"| ýyk<br />ýak
|valign="top"| halk
|valign="top"| bak
|valign="top"| bak
|valign="top"| sorag<br />ulag<br />çig<br />çyg<br />dolag<br />gyssag<br />dag
|valign="top"| deg<br />sög<br />çig<br />eg<br />ýyg<br />bog<br />çog<br />çyzg<br />dog<br />sag<br />syg<br />ýag
|}
|}

=={U} ==

* no poss: c. -{n}{U}ň

** galanyň
** dünýäniň
** halkyň
** okeanyň
** obanyň
** günüň

* bol>{U}p -> bolyp
* dur>d{U} -> durdy
* institut>s{Y}>{n}{Y}ň > institutynyň
* ýurd>{n}{U}ň -> ýurduň
* ýol>{n}{U}ň -> ýoluň
* ok>{n}{U}ň -> okuň
* huş>{n}{U}ň -> huşuň
* gum>{n}{U}ň -> gumuň
* suw>{n}{U}ň -> suwuň

<pre>
- ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/gör<v><tv><past><p3><pl>$
+ ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/*gördüler$

- ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/gör<v><tv><past><p1><sg>$
+ ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/*gördüm$
</pre>

=== Rounds ===
* -nUň (okuň)

=== Doesn't round ===
* -Ip (bolyp)

=== Unknown ===
* -dI (durdy, gördü)
* -sIn (ýurdu)


==Todo==

* Türkiýe>{n}{Y}n -> Türkiýäniň
* aýt>{y}p -> aýdyp
* gülle>{y}p -> gülläp
* ýöre>{y}p -> ýöräp
* köçe>s{Y}>{n}{Y}n -> köçäniň
* süýüm>{n}{U}ň -> süýümiň
* goňşy - goňşusy - goňşuda

==Done==

===Epenthetic vowels in stems===

* döwür - döwri - döwründe
* ogul - ogly - oglunyň
* deňiz - deňzi - deňziniň

===Vowel lengthening in -m{A}k>{A}===

* et>m{A}k>{A} -> etmäge






Latest revision as of 11:14, 16 April 2012

Verb-final voicing[edit]

p t k ç
ýapmak ýapyp ýap>{U}p etmek edip et>{U}p bakmak bakýar bak>ý{Ä}r içmek içip iç>{U}p

list[edit]

Voicing doesn't happen

  • p
    • ýap>{U}p:ýapyp
    • sebäp>d{A}n sebäpden
    • tarap>{s}{I}{n}>{D}{A}n:tarapyndan
    • tap>{U}p:tapyp
    • çap>{U}p:çapyp
    • sep>{U}p:sepip
  • t
    • ýat>{U}p: ýatyp
    • ýet>{U}p: ýetip
    • et>m{A}k etmek
    • döwlet>s{Y}n>n{Y} döwletini
  • ç
    • iç>{U}p:içip
    • goç>{s}{I}{n}:goçy
    • seç>{U}p:seçip
    • saç>{s}{I}{n}:saçy
  • k
    • bak>ý{Ä}r:bakýar
    • pişik>l{A}r:pişikler
    • aşak>{s}{Y}{n}:aşaky

Voicing happens

  • p
    • mekdep>{s}{Y}{n} mekdebi
    • sebäp>{s}{Y}{n}>{N}{Y} sebäbini
    • kitap>{s}{Y}{n}>{A} kitabyna
    • jogap>{s}{Y}{n} jogaby
    • tep>{U}p tebip
  • t
    • et>{U}p:edip
    • et>ý{Ä}r edýär
    • git>{U}p gidip
    • döret>{U}p döredip
    • aýt>{U}p aýdyp
    • zat>{s}{I}{n}:zady
  • ç
    • güýç>{s}{I}{n}:güýji
    • gylyç>{s}{I}{n}:gylyjy
  • k
    • pişik>({N}){I}ň:pişigiň
    • töwerek>{s}{Y}{n}töweregi
    • demirgazyk>{s}{Y}{n}>{D}{A}:demirgazygynda
    • hukuk>{s}{Y}{n}:hukugy
    • ýak>{U}p:ýagyp
    • ýyk>{U}p:ýygyp

As a table[edit]

voiced before %>: :Vow never always
voiceless syllable-finally always never
nouns verbs nouns verbs nouns verbs
p/b mekdep
sebäp
kitap
jogap
tarap ýap
tap
çap
sep
klub
t/d zat
ýurt
et
git
döret
aýt
döwlet ýat
ýet
metod
milliard
wodoprowod
wodorod
wzwod
sorkuld
ç/j güýç
gylyç
goç
saç

seç
massaj(?)
k/g pişik
töwerek
demirgazyk
hukuk
aşak
ýyk
ýak
halk bak sorag
ulag
çig
çyg
dolag
gyssag
dag
deg
sög
çig
eg
ýyg
bog
çog
çyzg
dog
sag
syg
ýag

{U}[edit]

  • no poss: c. -{n}{U}ň
    • galanyň
    • dünýäniň
    • halkyň
    • okeanyň
    • obanyň
    • günüň
  • bol>{U}p -> bolyp
  • dur>d{U} -> durdy
  • institut>s{Y}>{n}{Y}ň > institutynyň
  • ýurd>{n}{U}ň -> ýurduň
  • ýol>{n}{U}ň -> ýoluň
  • ok>{n}{U}ň -> okuň
  • huş>{n}{U}ň -> huşuň
  • gum>{n}{U}ň -> gumuň
  • suw>{n}{U}ň -> suwuň
-      ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/gör<v><tv><past><p3><pl>$
+      ^6/*6$ ^gördüler/*gördüler$

-      ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/gör<v><tv><past><p1><sg>$
+      ^3/*3$ ^gördüm/*gördüm$

Rounds[edit]

  • -nUň (okuň)

Doesn't round[edit]

  • -Ip (bolyp)

Unknown[edit]

  • -dI (durdy, gördü)
  • -sIn (ýurdu)


Todo[edit]

  • Türkiýe>{n}{Y}n -> Türkiýäniň
  • aýt>{y}p -> aýdyp
  • gülle>{y}p -> gülläp
  • ýöre>{y}p -> ýöräp
  • köçe>s{Y}>{n}{Y}n -> köçäniň
  • süýüm>{n}{U}ň -> süýümiň
  • goňşy - goňşusy - goňşuda

Done[edit]

Epenthetic vowels in stems[edit]

  • döwür - döwri - döwründe
  • ogul - ogly - oglunyň
  • deňiz - deňzi - deňziniň

Vowel lengthening in -m{A}k>{A}[edit]

  • et>m{A}k>{A} -> etmäge