Xhosa - Revision history

Firespeaker at 05:57, 18 April 2020

2020-04-18T05:57:13Z

SlingKing7: SlingKing7 moved page User:Xhosa to Xhosa over redirect

2018-01-10T04:47:18Z

SlingKing7 moved page User:Xhosa to Xhosa over redirect

SlingKing7: SlingKing7 moved page Xhosa to User:Xhosa

2018-01-10T04:46:38Z

SlingKing7 moved page Xhosa to User:Xhosa

SlingKing7: SlingKing7 moved page Apertium:Xhosa to Xhosa over redirect

2018-01-10T04:45:53Z

SlingKing7 moved page Apertium:Xhosa to Xhosa over redirect

SlingKing7 at 04:43, 10 January 2018

2018-01-10T04:43:49Z

SlingKing7 at 04:37, 10 January 2018

2018-01-10T04:37:32Z

SlingKing7 at 04:06, 10 January 2018

2018-01-10T04:06:32Z

SlingKing7: SlingKing7 moved page Xhosa to Apertium:Xhosa

2018-01-10T03:32:38Z

SlingKing7 moved page Xhosa to Apertium:Xhosa

SlingKing7 at 02:43, 8 January 2018

2018-01-08T02:43:32Z

SlingKing7 at 05:14, 7 January 2018

2018-01-07T05:14:54Z

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 * [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/10204/5589/Govender2_2005.pdf;sequence=1 Natasha Govender, Etienne Barnard, Marelie Davel - "Developing Intonation Corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu"]
 * [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/405145/pdf "Corpus Linguistics and World Englishes"]
+[[Category:Nguni Bantu languages]]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 '''Xhosa Cross Linguistics'''
-* [https://www.uwc.ac.za/Faculties/ART/Xhosa/Pages/Research-.aspx "Cross linguistics upon Xhosa Corpora Research"] - parallel corpora is researched upon the many similarities it contains with other African dialects
+* [https://www.uwc.ac.za/Faculties/ART/Xhosa/Pages/Research-.aspx "Cross linguistics upon Xhosa Corpora Research"]
 '''The Tone Analysis of Xhosa'''
-*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020185808707048 "The Tonemes of Xhosa"] - analyzing tones and syllable click sounds in Xhosa
+*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020185808707048 "The Tonemes of Xhosa"]
 == Comparative Studies ==
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 '''Xhosa Literary + Academic Study (Rhodes University)
-*[http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/2017/05/02/xhosa-holds-academic-studies/ "Providing Academic Studies on Literary Aspects of Xhosa"] - Xhosa is used as a tool to analyze the complexities and dynamics of African literary production written in African languages.
+*[http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/2017/05/02/xhosa-holds-academic-studies/ "Providing Academic Studies on Literary Aspects of Xhosa"]
 '''Comparative Study: Zulu - Xhosa'''
-* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0714 "ZuluMorph's Analysis on Xhosa to Zulu Translation"] - the similarities between the two languages based on a morphological analyzer (ZuluMorph) cross-linguistically
+* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0714 "ZuluMorph's Analysis on Xhosa to Zulu Translation"]
 == Linguistic Grammar ==
-*[http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-xhosa-language "What is Xhosa?"] - a concept summary providing full context over Xhosan grammar
+*[http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-xhosa-language "What is Xhosa?"]
-*[http://www.lingref.com/cpp/galana/2/paper1552.pdf "The Acquisition of Subject Agreement in Xhosa"] - the goal of the present paper is to describe the development of the system of subject agreement in children acquiring Xhosa as a first language.
+*[http://www.lingref.com/cpp/galana/2/paper1552.pdf "The Acquisition of Subject Agreement in Xhosa"]
 *[http://www.athingforwords.com/words/learning-xhosa/ "Let’s Talk isiXhosa", ''the process of mastering a foreign tongue'']
-*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm "Omniglot Writing Systems and Languages"] - a full context of the usage of grammar within the Xhosa language
+*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm "Omniglot Writing Systems and Languages"]
 Xhosa contains multiple prefixes and suffixes which are attached to root words. Thus, the language is declassified into fifteen morphological classes or genders. Furthermore, the language is unique based on its tones, the phonemic low, and high tones;
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 (most are mainly decoded within English subtexts and contexts)
-* [http://tshwanedje.com/members/gmds/documents/Prinsloo_on_OZSD.pdf "Oxford Studies"] - The Oxford University has provided many studies with focus mainly on the translational dictionaries available
+* [http://tshwanedje.com/members/gmds/documents/Prinsloo_on_OZSD.pdf "Oxford Studies"]
-* [https://glosbe.com/en/xh/ "English to Xhosa Bilingual Dictionary"] - A full translational dictionary covering most aspects of the dual languages of Xhosa and Zulu
+* [https://glosbe.com/en/xh/ "English to Xhosa Bilingual Dictionary"]
-* [http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/ "Xhosa to English Dictionary"] - A complete list of translated and Xhosa applicable words translated into English and vice versa
+* [http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/ "Xhosa to English Dictionary"]
-* [http://ufh.ac.za/centres/xnlu/introduction "isiXhosa National Lexicography Unit"] - The National Lexicography Unit provides additional research of multi-syllable words of Xhosa as well as dictionary referendums
+* [http://ufh.ac.za/centres/xnlu/introduction "isiXhosa National Lexicography Unit"]
-*[http://dreuarchive.cra.org/2011/Johnson/kkjohnson_report.pdf "Xhosa-English Machine Translation: Working with a Low-Resource Language"] - an attempt to implement a phrase-based translation system for translating Xhosa text into English
+*[http://dreuarchive.cra.org/2011/Johnson/kkjohnson_report.pdf "Xhosa-English Machine Translation: Working with a Low-Resource Language"]
 ''Elaboration on Machine Translation'':
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 == Monolingual/Parallel Corpora ==
-* [http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/en?corpusId=deu_newscrawl_2011"Leipzig Corpora Dictionaries"] - The Leipzig Corpora Collection contains more than 250 comparable sources on languages and transcripts
+* [http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/en?corpusId=deu_newscrawl_2011"Leipzig Corpora Dictionaries"]
-* [http://curl.corpora.uni-leipzig.de/  "Crawling Under-Resourced Languages"], Transcribing underused dialects using corpora translators
+* [http://curl.corpora.uni-leipzig.de/  "Crawling Under-Resourced Languages"]
-* [http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5762/MOROPA%20ARTICLEs7.pdf?sequence=1 Koliswa Moropa (2007) - "English/Xhosa Parallel Corpus"] - The similarities between English and Xhosa corpora
+* [http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5762/MOROPA%20ARTICLEs7.pdf?sequence=1 Koliswa Moropa (2007) - "English/Xhosa Parallel Corpus"]
-* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Corpus_Linguistics_and_World_Englishes.html?id=SFpusC25Z44C "Corpus Linguistics"] - ''An Analysis of Xhosa English
+* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Corpus_Linguistics_and_World_Englishes.html?id=SFpusC25Z44C "Corpus Linguistics"] -
-* [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/10204/5589/Govender2_2005.pdf;sequence=1 Natasha Govender, Etienne Barnard, Marelie Davel - "Developing Intonation Corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu"], - University of Pretoria's study upon isiZulu and isiXhosa traits/corpora
+* [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/10204/5589/Govender2_2005.pdf;sequence=1 Natasha Govender, Etienne Barnard, Marelie Davel - "Developing Intonation Corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu"]
-* [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/405145/pdf "Corpus Linguistics and World Englishes"] - The analysis upon Xhosa English's abstract
+* [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/405145/pdf "Corpus Linguistics and World Englishes"]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 '''Xhosa Cross Linguistics'''
-* [https://www.uwc.ac.za/Faculties/ART/Xhosa/Pages/Research-.aspx "Cross linguistics upon Xhosa Corpora Research", ''parallel corpora is researched upon the many similarities it contains with other African dialects'']
+* [https://www.uwc.ac.za/Faculties/ART/Xhosa/Pages/Research-.aspx "Cross linguistics upon Xhosa Corpora Research"] - parallel corpora is researched upon the many similarities it contains with other African dialects
 '''The Tone Analysis of Xhosa'''
-*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020185808707048 "The Tonemes of Xhosa", ''analyzing tones and syllable click sounds in Xhosa'']
+*[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00020185808707048 "The Tonemes of Xhosa"] - analyzing tones and syllable click sounds in Xhosa
 == Comparative Studies ==
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 '''Xhosa Literary + Academic Study (Rhodes University)
-*[http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/2017/05/02/xhosa-holds-academic-studies/ "Providing Academic Studies on Literary Aspects of Xhosa",'' Xhosa is used as a tool to analyze the complexities and dynamics of African literary production written in African languages.]
+*[http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/lifestyle/2017/05/02/xhosa-holds-academic-studies/ "Providing Academic Studies on Literary Aspects of Xhosa"] - Xhosa is used as a tool to analyze the complexities and dynamics of African literary production written in African languages.
 '''Comparative Study: Zulu - Xhosa'''
-* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0714 "ZuluMorph's Analysis on Xhosa to Zulu Translation, ''the similarities between the two languages based on a morphological analyzer (ZuluMorph) cross-linguistically'']
+* [http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W09-0714 "ZuluMorph's Analysis on Xhosa to Zulu Translation"] - the similarities between the two languages based on a morphological analyzer (ZuluMorph) cross-linguistically
 == Linguistic Grammar ==
-*[http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-xhosa-language "What is Xhosa?", ''a concept summary providing full context over Xhosan grammar'']
+*[http://www.academicroom.com/topics/what-is-xhosa-language "What is Xhosa?"] - a concept summary providing full context over Xhosan grammar
-*[http://www.lingref.com/cpp/galana/2/paper1552.pdf "The Acquisition of Subject Agreement in Xhosa", ''the goal of the present paper is to describe the development of the system of subject agreement in children acquiring Xhosa as a first language.'']
+*[http://www.lingref.com/cpp/galana/2/paper1552.pdf "The Acquisition of Subject Agreement in Xhosa"] - the goal of the present paper is to describe the development of the system of subject agreement in children acquiring Xhosa as a first language.
 *[http://www.athingforwords.com/words/learning-xhosa/ "Let’s Talk isiXhosa", ''the process of mastering a foreign tongue'']
-*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm "Omniglot Writing Systems and Languages", ''a full context of the usage of grammar within the Xhosa language'']
+*[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/xhosa.htm "Omniglot Writing Systems and Languages"] - a full context of the usage of grammar within the Xhosa language
 Xhosa contains multiple prefixes and suffixes which are attached to root words. Thus, the language is declassified into fifteen morphological classes or genders. Furthermore, the language is unique based on its tones, the phonemic low, and high tones;
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 (most are mainly decoded within English subtexts and contexts)
-* [http://tshwanedje.com/members/gmds/documents/Prinsloo_on_OZSD.pdf "Oxford Studies", ''The Oxford University has provided many studies with focus mainly on the translational dictionaries available'']
+* [http://tshwanedje.com/members/gmds/documents/Prinsloo_on_OZSD.pdf "Oxford Studies"] - The Oxford University has provided many studies with focus mainly on the translational dictionaries available
-* [https://glosbe.com/en/xh/ "English to Xhosa Bilingual Dictionary", ''A full translational dictionary covering most aspects of the dual languages of Xhosa and Zulu'' ]
+* [https://glosbe.com/en/xh/ "English to Xhosa Bilingual Dictionary"] - A full translational dictionary covering most aspects of the dual languages of Xhosa and Zulu
-* [http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/ "Xhosa to English Dictionary", ''A complete list of translated and Xhosa applicable words translated into English and vice versa'']
+* [http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/ "Xhosa to English Dictionary"] - A complete list of translated and Xhosa applicable words translated into English and vice versa
-* [http://ufh.ac.za/centres/xnlu/introduction "isiXhosa National Lexicography Unit", ''The National Lexicography Unit provides additional research of multi-syllable words of Xhosa as well as dictionary referendums'']
+* [http://ufh.ac.za/centres/xnlu/introduction "isiXhosa National Lexicography Unit"] - The National Lexicography Unit provides additional research of multi-syllable words of Xhosa as well as dictionary referendums
-*[http://dreuarchive.cra.org/2011/Johnson/kkjohnson_report.pdf "Xhosa-English Machine Translation: Working with a Low-Resource Language", ''an attempt to implement a phrase-based translation system for translating Xhosa text into English'']
+*[http://dreuarchive.cra.org/2011/Johnson/kkjohnson_report.pdf "Xhosa-English Machine Translation: Working with a Low-Resource Language"] - an attempt to implement a phrase-based translation system for translating Xhosa text into English
 ''Elaboration on Machine Translation'':
@@ Line 67: / Line 67: @@
 == Monolingual/Parallel Corpora ==
-* [http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/en?corpusId=deu_newscrawl_2011"Leipzig Corpora Dictionaries", ''The Leipzig Corpora Collection contains more than 250 comparable sources on languages and transcripts'']
+* [http://corpora.uni-leipzig.de/en?corpusId=deu_newscrawl_2011"Leipzig Corpora Dictionaries"] - The Leipzig Corpora Collection contains more than 250 comparable sources on languages and transcripts
-* [http://curl.corpora.uni-leipzig.de/  "Crawling Under-Resourced Languages", ''Transcribing underused dialects using corpora translators '']
+* [http://curl.corpora.uni-leipzig.de/  "Crawling Under-Resourced Languages"], Transcribing underused dialects using corpora translators
-* [http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5762/MOROPA%20ARTICLEs7.pdf?sequence=1 "English/Xhosa Parallel Corpus", Koliswa Moropa (2007) - ''The similarities between English and Xhosa corpora'']
+* [http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/5762/MOROPA%20ARTICLEs7.pdf?sequence=1 Koliswa Moropa (2007) - "English/Xhosa Parallel Corpus"] - The similarities between English and Xhosa corpora
-* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Corpus_Linguistics_and_World_Englishes.html?id=SFpusC25Z44C "Corpus Linguistics", ''An Analysis of Xhosa English'']
+* [https://books.google.com/books/about/Corpus_Linguistics_and_World_Englishes.html?id=SFpusC25Z44C "Corpus Linguistics"] - ''An Analysis of Xhosa English
-* [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/10204/5589/Govender2_2005.pdf;sequence=1 "Developing Intonation Corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu", ''Natasha Govender, Etienne Barnard, Marelie Davel - University of Pretoria's study upon isiZulu and isiXhosa traits/corpora'']
+* [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/handle/10204/5589/Govender2_2005.pdf;sequence=1 Natasha Govender, Etienne Barnard, Marelie Davel - "Developing Intonation Corpora for isiXhosa and isiZulu"], - University of Pretoria's study upon isiZulu and isiXhosa traits/corpora
-* [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/405145/pdf "Corpus Linguistics and World Englishes", ''The analysis upon Xhosa English's abstract'']
+* [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/405145/pdf "Corpus Linguistics and World Englishes"] - The analysis upon Xhosa English's abstract

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 * Xhosa is also similar to the languages of Swati and Ndebele which are spoken among the Bantu people
+'''Apertium Pairs'''
-== Language Pairs ==
 Currently, on [[Apertium]], the language of Xhosa is recorded to have one language pair:
 *'''[[apertium-zu-xh|Zulu-?-Xhosa]]''' (08 Nov 2010) (incubator)

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:43, 8 January 2018
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	The usage of uncommon consonants is dominant throughout the language in the version of clicks. The language uses 21 clicks (7 dental), however, the number of clicks varies based on each region (Namibia and Botswana primarily)		The usage of uncommon consonants is dominant throughout the language in the version of clicks. The language uses 21 clicks (7 dental), however, the number of clicks varies based on each region (Namibia and Botswana primarily)

			Full List of Grammar Examples (Apertium Page): [[Xhosa Grammar Examples]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 04:47, 10 January 2018
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← Older revision	Revision as of 04:46, 10 January 2018
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← Older revision	Revision as of 04:45, 10 January 2018
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← Older revision	Revision as of 03:32, 10 January 2018
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← Older revision		Revision as of 05:14, 7 January 2018
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	The usage of uncommon consonants is dominant throughout the language in the version of clicks. The language uses 21 clicks (7 dental), however, the number of clicks varies based on each region (Namibia and Botswana primarily)		The usage of uncommon consonants is dominant throughout the language in the version of clicks. The language uses 21 clicks (7 dental), however, the number of clicks varies based on each region (Namibia and Botswana primarily)


	*'''([[apertium\|Linguistic Grammar and Pronunciations of Xhosa]])