Transfer rules examples - Revision history

Invo98: /* Adding a word in the target language text */

2018-06-26T20:16:30Z

Adding a word in the target language text

Bech: Link to French page

2014-10-08T08:16:26Z

Link to French page

Bech: /* Using variables */ correction

2014-01-17T13:24:47Z

Using variables: correction

Bech: /* Using variables */ corrections

2014-01-17T13:23:07Z

Using variables: corrections

Bech: /* Using variables */ fin traduction

2014-01-17T12:28:36Z

Using variables: fin traduction

Bech: /* Using variables */ going on with translation

2014-01-17T12:06:30Z

Using variables: going on with translation

Bech: /* Using variables */ part translated

2013-12-17T12:39:31Z

Using variables: part translated

Yannis1962: /* Transferring two words making them agree */

2013-12-01T21:40:54Z

Transferring two words making them agree

Unhammer at 06:46, 24 September 2013

2013-09-24T06:46:12Z

Unhammer: category

2013-09-24T06:43:57Z

@@ Line 568: / Line 568: @@
 ! width=280 | Instruction !! Meaning
 |-
-| <lit v="un"> || Generate the lemma "un".
+| <lit v="un"/> || Generate the lemma "un".
 |-
 | <lit-tag v="det.ind"/> || Generate a '''det''' tag followed by a '''ind''' tag, that is the text '''<det><ind>''' which makes it possible to specify that we generate a ''indefinite determinant''.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 8 October 2014
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			[[Exemples de règles de transfert\|En français]]

	This page is intended to supplement the page [[A long introduction to transfer rules]]. Examples used are taken from apertium-eo-fr pair. It is (at the beginning of 2013) a released pair for translating French to Esperanto. But Esperanto → French translation direction had not been implemented by the initial developer. It is another developer, full beginner for writing transfer rules who chose to do that. The examples given are the first rules written to translate a group of one, two or three Esperanto words into a group of two or three French words.		This page is intended to supplement the page [[A long introduction to transfer rules]]. Examples used are taken from apertium-eo-fr pair. It is (at the beginning of 2013) a released pair for translating French to Esperanto. But Esperanto → French translation direction had not been implemented by the initial developer. It is another developer, full beginner for writing transfer rules who chose to do that. The examples given are the first rules written to translate a group of one, two or three Esperanto words into a group of two or three French words.

@@ Line 1,534: / Line 1,534: @@
 We can also notice that the conditional processing performed uses for the first time the tags '''<otherwise>...</otherwise>''' .
-The last thing to do is to use the variable '''genre_pp''' to generate the lexical unit relating to the past participle :
+The last thing to do is to use the variable '''genre_pp''' to generate the lexical unit for the past participle :
 <pre>

@@ Line 1,532: / Line 1,532: @@
 allowing to put the gender of the personal pronoun into '''genre_pp'''.
-We can also notice that the conditional processing performed for the first time uses the tags '''<otherwise>...</otherwise>''' .
+We can also notice that the conditional processing performed uses for the first time the tags '''<otherwise>...</otherwise>''' .
-There is only to use the variable '''genre_pp''' to generate the lexical unit relating to the past participle :
+The last thing to do is to use the variable '''genre_pp''' to generate the lexical unit relating to the past participle :
 <pre>

@@ Line 1,512: / Line 1,512: @@
 </pre>
+It includes two assignments of values into the variable '''genre_pp''' :
-''This part will have to be translated later.''
-Il comporte deux affectations de valeurs dans la variable '''genre_pp''' :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,523: / Line 1,521: @@
 </pre>
-qui permet de mettre dans '''genre_pp''' la balise '''<m>'''
+allowing to put the tag '''<m>''' into '''genre_pp''',
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,532: / Line 1,530: @@
 </pre>
+allowing to put the gender of the personal pronoun into '''genre_pp'''.
-qui permet de mettre dans '''genre_pp''' le genre du pronom personnel.
-On peut aussi remarquer que le traitement conditionnel réalisé utilise pour la première fois les balises '''<otherwise>...</otherwise>''' .
+We can also notice that the conditional processing performed for the first time uses the tags '''<otherwise>...</otherwise>''' .
-Il ne reste plus qu'à utiliser la variable '''genre_pp''' pour générer l'unité lexicale relative au participe passé :
+There is only to use the variable '''genre_pp''' to generate the lexical unit relating to the past participle :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,548: / Line 1,546: @@
 </pre>
-C'est la même instruction :
+It is the same instruction :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,554: / Line 1,552: @@
 </pre>
+that allows to initialise the variable or to access the value it countains.
-qui permet d'initialiser la variable ou d'accéder à la valeur qu'elle contient.
 [[Category:Documentation in English]]

@@ Line 1,347: / Line 1,347: @@
 * with 1st and the 2nd person, the personal pronoun must have the gender '''mf''' (masculine/féminine) to be generated,
-* for the past participle, the authorized genders are ''' m ''' and ''' f ''' (masculine or féminine, but only one of both).
+* for the past participle, the authorized genders are ''' m ''' and ''' f ''' (masculine or féminine, but only one of these).
 Consequently, we will not be able to always use the same tag for the gender of the personal pronoun and the gender of the past participle. The idea to do that is to build the gender of the past participle from the one of the personal pronoun and to use a variable to memorize the result.
@@ Line 1,389: / Line 1,389: @@
 </pre>
+The rule doing the required work is the following :
-''This part will have to be translated later.''
-La règle effectuant le travail demandé est la suivante :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,402: / Line 1,400: @@
       <action>
-        <choose>    <!--  cas particuliers de transferts des pronoms  -->
+        <choose>    <!--  particular case for pronouns transfers  -->
-          <when>    <!--  2ème personne toujours au pluriel : vi -> vous  -->
+          <when>    <!--  2nd person allways plural : vi -> vous  -->
             <test>
                <equal>
@@ Line 1,415: / Line 1,413: @@
             </let>
           </when>
-          <when>    <!--  3ème personne du pluriel toujours au masculin : ili -> ils  -->
+          <when>    <!--  3rd person plural allways masculine : ili -> ils  -->
             <test>
                <and>
@@ Line 1,435: / Line 1,433: @@
         </choose>
-        <choose>    <!--  si le genre du pronom est mf, celui du participe passé sera m  -->
+        <choose>    <!--  if gender of the pronoun is mf, gender of the past participle will be m  -->
           <when>
             <test>
@@ Line 1,489: / Line 1,487: @@
 </pre>
+The really new part of the rule is this one :
-La partie vraiment nouvelle de la règle est le morceau :
 <pre>
-    <choose>    <!--  si le genre du pronom est mf, celui du participe passé sera m  -->
+    <choose>    <!--  if gender of the pronoun is mf, gender of the past participle will be m  -->
       <when>
         <test>
@@ Line 1,513: / Line 1,511: @@
     </choose>
 </pre>
+''This part will have to be translated later.''
 Il comporte deux affectations de valeurs dans la variable '''genre_pp''' :

@@ Line 1,340: / Line 1,340: @@
 === Using variables ===
+To finish, we will examine a rule which requires to memorize a value into a variable.
-''This part will have to be translated later.''
+This rule will translate a personal pronoun, followed by verb être (to be), followed by another verb to the past participle.
-Pour terminer, nous allons examiner une règle qui nécessite de mémoriser une valeur dans une variable.
+We already know how to process the pronoun followed by a verb, it was done in the paragraph [[Transfer_rules_examples#Changing_attributes_according_to_conditions|Changing attributes according to conditions]]. It will remain to put in concordance the past participle with the personal pronoun. But there is a problem :
-Cette règle va traduire un pronom personnel, suivi du verbe être, puis d'un autre verbe au participe passé.
+* with 1st and the 2nd person, the personal pronoun must have the gender '''mf''' (masculine/féminine) to be generated,
-Nous savons déjà traiter le pronom suivi d'un verbe, on l'a fait au paragraphe [[Transfer_rules_examples#Changing_attributes_according_to_conditions|Changer des attributs en fonction de conditions]]. Il restera à accorder le participe passé avec le pronom personnel. Mais un problème se pose :
+* for the past participle, the authorized genders are ''' m ''' and ''' f ''' (masculine or féminine, but only one of both).
+Consequently, we will not be able to always use the same tag for the gender of the personal pronoun and the gender of the past participle. The idea to do that is to build the gender of the past participle from the one of the personal pronoun and to use a variable to memorize the result.
-* à la 1ère et la 2ème personne, le pronom personnel doit avoir le genre '''mf''' (masculin/féminin) pour être généré,
-* pour le participe passé, les genres autorisés sont '''m''' et '''f''' (masculin ou féminin, mais seulement l'un des deux).
+Calculation of the gender of the past participle is the following:
-En conséquence, on ne pourra pas toujours utiliser la même balise pour le genre du pronom personnel et celui du participe passé. L'idée pour s'en sortir est de fabriquer le genre du participe passé à partir de celui du pronom personnel et d'utiliser une variable pour mémoriser le résultat.
-Le calcul du genre du participe passé est le suivant :
 <pre>
- SI genre du pronom = "mf" ALORS
+ IF gender of pronoun = "mf" ALORS
      genre_pp <- "m"
+ ELSE
- SINON
-     genre_pp <- genre du pronom
+     genre_pp <- gender of pronoun
- FIN SI
+ END IF
 </pre>
+The variable which memorizes the gender of the past participle is called ''genre_pp''. In the case of the personal pronoun used with 1st or 2nd person, it would be necessary to make a deep analysis to find (may be in a preceding sentence) the best gender to put the past participle in concordance. Apertium does not allow this kind of complex analysis. We will thus choose the masculine in this case. On the contrary, if the personal pronoun is used with the 3rd person, we will use its gender for the past participle.
-La variable qui mémorise le genre du participe passé s'appelle ''genre_pp''. Dans le cas du pronom personnel à la 1ère ou la 2ème personne, il faudrait faire une analyse profonde pour trouver (éventuellement dans une phrase précédente) le meilleur genre pour accorder le participe passé. Apertium ne permet pas ce genre d'analyse complexe. On choisira donc le masculin dans ce cas. Au contraire, si le pronom personnel est à la 3ème personne, on utilisera son genre pour le participe passé.
-Une première chose à faire est de déclarer la variable. Pour cela, la section '''def-vars''' devient :
+A first thing to do is to declare the variable. For that, the '''def-vars''' section becomes :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,373: / Line 1,371: @@
 </pre>
-Nous n'avons pas encore écrit de règle utilisant le verbe être conjugué ou le participe passé. Il faudra donc compléter la section '''def-cats''' en rajoutant les deux déclarations :
+We did not yet write any rule using the verb être (to be) conjugated or past participle. It will thus be necessary to complete the section '''def-cats''' by adding the two declarations :
 <pre>
@@ Line 1,390: / Line 1,388: @@
     </def-cat>
 </pre>
+''This part will have to be translated later.''
 La règle effectuant le travail demandé est la suivante :

@@ Line 191: / Line 191: @@
 === Transferring two words making them agree ===
-We will start to translate to French the Esperanto determinant '''la''' followed buy a common noun.
+We will start to translate to French the Esperanto determinant '''la''' followed by a common noun.
 ==== Search for modifications ====
-In Esperanto, the definite determinant '''la''' is invariant, while in French, it has three forms: '''le''', '''la''', '''les''' according to gender and number of the noun to witch it agrees.
+In Esperanto, the definite determinant '''la''' is invariant, while in French, it has three forms: '''le''', '''la''', '''les''' according to gender and number of the noun to which it agrees.
-For the common noun, there are two forms in Esperanto depending on it belongs to the subject or the object complement in the sentence. In French, it is written the same in both cases.
+For the common noun, there are two forms in Esperanto depending on whether it belongs to the subject or to the object complement in the sentence. In French, it is written the same way in both cases.
 '''Examples :'''

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:46, 24 September 2013
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	[[Category:Documentation in English]]		[[Category:Documentation in English]]
	[[Category:Transfer ~~rules~~]]		[[Category:Transfer]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:43, 24 September 2013
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	[[Category:Documentation in English]]		[[Category:Documentation in English]]
			[[Category:Transfer rules]]