Malayalam - Revision history

Mk20: /* scripting */

2019-12-03T15:50:46Z

scripting

Mk20: /* Nouns */

2019-12-03T15:50:03Z

Nouns

Mk20: /* scripting */

2019-12-03T15:34:34Z

scripting

Mk20: /* Nouns' */

2019-12-03T15:34:17Z

Nouns'

Mk20: /* Verbs */

2019-12-03T15:33:33Z

Verbs

Mk20: /* Verbs */

2019-12-03T15:32:45Z

Verbs

Firespeaker at 21:56, 3 September 2017

2017-09-03T21:56:39Z

Firespeaker at 03:23, 21 July 2014

2014-07-21T03:23:20Z

Tachyons: /* Verbs */

2014-05-12T18:18:51Z

Verbs

Francis Tyers: /* Verbs */

2014-05-12T16:30:44Z

Verbs

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 '''
-== scripting ==
-----
-It is a Brahmic script used commonly to write the Malayalam language, which is the principal language of Kerala, India, spoken by 35 million people in the world.[3] Malayalam script is also widely used for writing Sanskrit texts in Kerala. Like many other Indic scripts, it is an alphasyllabary (abugida), a writing system that is partially “alphabetic” and partially syllable-based. The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 36 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. The Malayalam script is a Vatteluttu alphabet extended with symbols from the Grantha alphabet to represent Indo-Aryan loanwords. The script is also used to write several minority languages such as Paniya, Betta Kurumba, and Ravula. The Malayalam language itself was historically written in several different scripts.
-https://svn.code.sf.net/p/apertium/svn/incubator/apertium-mal
-[[Category:Malayalam|*]]

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 '''
-== Nouns ==
-''
-----
-Masculine Sanskrit nouns with a word stem ending in a short /a/ take the ending /an/ in the nominative singular. For example, Kr̥ṣṇa → Kr̥ṣṇan. The final /n/ is dropped before masculine surnames, honorifics, or titles ending in /an/ and beginning with a consonant other than /n/ – e.g., "Krishna Menon", "Krishna Kaniyaan" etc., but "Krishnan Ezhutthachan". Surnames ending with /ar/ or /aḷ/ (where these are plural forms of "an" denoting respect) are treated similarly – "Krishna Pothuval", "Krishna Chakyar", but "Krishnan Nair", "Krishnan Nambiar", as are Sanskrit surnames such "Varma(n)", "Sharma(n)", or "Gupta(n)" (rare) – e.g., "Krishna Varma", "Krishna Sharman". If a name is a compound, only the last element undergoes this transformation – e.g., "Kr̥ṣṇa" + "dēva" = "Kr̥ṣṇadēvan", not "Kr̥ṣṇandēvan"
-Feminine words ending in a long /ā/ or /ī/ are changed to end in a short /a/ or /i/, for example "Sītā" → "Sīta" and "Lakṣmī" → "Lakṣmi". However, the long vowel still appears in compound words, such as "Sītādēvi" or" Lakṣmīdēvi". The long ī is generally reserved for the vocative forms of these names, although in Sanskrit the vocative actually takes a short /i/. There are also a small number of nominative /ī/ endings that have not been shortened – a prominent example being the word "strī" for "woman".
-Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short /a/ end with an /m/ in Malayalam. For example,"Rāmāyaṇa" → "Rāmāyaṇam". In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit accusative case ending, which is also /m/ (or, allophonically, anusvara due to the requirements of the sandhi word-combining rules) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings; for example, "Narasimha" becomes "Narasiṃham" and not "Narasiṃhan", whereas "Ananta" becomes "Anantan" even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit.
 == scripting ==

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short /a/ end with an /m/ in Malayalam. For example,"Rāmāyaṇa" → "Rāmāyaṇam". In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit accusative case ending, which is also /m/ (or, allophonically, anusvara due to the requirements of the sandhi word-combining rules) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings; for example, "Narasimha" becomes "Narasiṃham" and not "Narasiṃhan", whereas "Ananta" becomes "Anantan" even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit.
-== '''scripting''' ==
+== scripting ==
 ----

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 '''
-== Nouns' ==
+== Nouns ==
 ''
@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short /a/ end with an /m/ in Malayalam. For example,"Rāmāyaṇa" → "Rāmāyaṇam". In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit accusative case ending, which is also /m/ (or, allophonically, anusvara due to the requirements of the sandhi word-combining rules) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings; for example, "Narasimha" becomes "Narasiṃham" and not "Narasiṃhan", whereas "Ananta" becomes "Anantan" even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit.
 == '''scripting''' ==

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 |}
-'''Nouns'''
+'''
+== Nouns' ==
+''
+----
 Masculine Sanskrit nouns with a word stem ending in a short /a/ take the ending /an/ in the nominative singular. For example, Kr̥ṣṇa → Kr̥ṣṇan. The final /n/ is dropped before masculine surnames, honorifics, or titles ending in /an/ and beginning with a consonant other than /n/ – e.g., "Krishna Menon", "Krishna Kaniyaan" etc., but "Krishnan Ezhutthachan". Surnames ending with /ar/ or /aḷ/ (where these are plural forms of "an" denoting respect) are treated similarly – "Krishna Pothuval", "Krishna Chakyar", but "Krishnan Nair", "Krishnan Nambiar", as are Sanskrit surnames such "Varma(n)", "Sharma(n)", or "Gupta(n)" (rare) – e.g., "Krishna Varma", "Krishna Sharman". If a name is a compound, only the last element undergoes this transformation – e.g., "Kr̥ṣṇa" + "dēva" = "Kr̥ṣṇadēvan", not "Kr̥ṣṇandēvan"
@@ Line 59: / Line 64: @@
 Sanskrit words describing things or animals rather than people with a stem in short /a/ end with an /m/ in Malayalam. For example,"Rāmāyaṇa" → "Rāmāyaṇam". In most cases, this is actually the same as the Sanskrit accusative case ending, which is also /m/ (or, allophonically, anusvara due to the requirements of the sandhi word-combining rules) in the neuter nominative. However, "things and animals" and "people" are not always differentiated based on whether or not they are sentient beings; for example, "Narasimha" becomes "Narasiṃham" and not "Narasiṃhan", whereas "Ananta" becomes "Anantan" even though both are sentient. This does not strictly correspond to the Sanskrit neuter gender, as both "Narasiṃha" and "Ananta" are masculine nouns in the original Sanskrit.
-'''scripting'''
+== '''scripting''' ==
+----
 It is a Brahmic script used commonly to write the Malayalam language, which is the principal language of Kerala, India, spoken by 35 million people in the world.[3] Malayalam script is also widely used for writing Sanskrit texts in Kerala. Like many other Indic scripts, it is an alphasyllabary (abugida), a writing system that is partially “alphabetic” and partially syllable-based. The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 36 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. The Malayalam script is a Vatteluttu alphabet extended with symbols from the Grantha alphabet to represent Indo-Aryan loanwords. The script is also used to write several minority languages such as Paniya, Betta Kurumba, and Ravula. The Malayalam language itself was historically written in several different scripts.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:56, 3 September 2017
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	[[Category:Malayalam\|*]]		[[Category:Malayalam\|*]]
	[[Category:Languages]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:23, 21 July 2014
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	[[Category:Malayalam\|*]]		[[Category:Malayalam\|*]]
			[[Category:Languages]]

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 | Iterative past || {{sc|stem}}-kontu-iri-unnu || || avan paatikkontirunnu<br/>He singing.was || He was singing.
 |-
-| Continuous iterative || || || kuttikal paatikkonteeyirunnu<br/>children sang.without.stopping || The children sang without stopping
+| Continuous iterative || {{sc|stem}}-konte-iri-kunnu || || kuttikal paatikkonteeyirunnu<br/>children sang.without.stopping || The children sang without stopping
 |-
 | Perfect || || || innale mala peytirunnu<br/>yesterday rain fell || It rained yesterday.

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 | Present progressive (II) || {{sc|inf}} ān || ||  siita avite irikkuka ān<br/>Sita there sit is. || Sita is sitting there.
 |-
-| Iterative present || {{sc|stem}}-kontu-iri-kk-unnu  || || avan paatikkontirikkunnu || He singing.is || He is singing.
+| Iterative present || {{sc|stem}}-kontu-iri-kk-unnu  || || avan paatikkontirikkunnu<br/> He singing.is || He is singing.
 |-
 | Iterative fut || {{sc|stem}}-kontu-iri-kk-um || || avan paatikkontirikkum<br/>He singing.will.be || He will be singing.