Hungarian and English - Revision history

Porsi98: /* Simple words */

2016-01-08T21:41:04Z

Simple words

Porsi98 at 21:38, 8 January 2016

2016-01-08T21:38:22Z

Porsi98 at 21:36, 8 January 2016

2016-01-08T21:36:08Z

Porsi98 at 21:07, 8 January 2016

2016-01-08T21:07:58Z

Porsi98 at 19:52, 7 January 2016

2016-01-07T19:52:36Z

Porsi98 at 19:49, 7 January 2016

2016-01-07T19:49:51Z

Porsi98 at 19:25, 7 January 2016

2016-01-07T19:25:06Z

Porsi98: /* Dative case */

2016-01-07T15:47:27Z

Dative case

Porsi98 at 14:51, 7 January 2016

2016-01-07T14:51:30Z

Porsi98: Some Hungarian-English grammatical differences.

2016-01-06T21:42:34Z

Some Hungarian-English grammatical differences.

New page

{{TOCD}}
==Genders==
===Subject===
In Hungarian, there are no distinctions between „she” or „he”. We only differentiate „it”, but not always. We use „ő” if it refers to a person (or a beloved pet or car...), and we do not put the personal pronouns in the sentence if it refers to an object.

*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' fut.|'''He/She/It''' is running.}}
*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' elment haza.|He/She/It went home.}}
*{{test|hu|Az óra leesett, de („'''it'''”) működik.|The clock fell down, but '''it''' works.}}

===Object===
We do not differentiate the object form of personal pronouns according to genders. If it refers to a person (or a beloved pet,car...) we use „őt”. If it refers to an object we use „azt”.

*{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|I love '''him/her'''.}}
*{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''azt'''.|I love '''it'''.}}
*{{test|hu|Ceasar a kutyám. (Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|Ceasar is my dog. I love '''him'''.}}
==Possessive Pronouns==
In Hungarian we use a lot of suffixes. We also put the possesive pronouns at the end of the noun, unlike English which uses a plus word to express it.

*{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''am'''.|Here is '''my''' house.}}
*{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''ad'''.|Here is '''your''' (singular) house.}}
*{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''a'''.|Here is '''his/her/its''' house.}}
*{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''unk'''.|Here is '''our''' house.}}
*{{test|hu|Itt van a háza'''tok'''.|Here is '''your''' (plural) house.}}
*{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''uk'''.|Here is '''their''' house.}}
==Past tense==
In Hungarian we use „-t” or „-tt”at the end of the verbs to express past tense. However it is before the suffix of the personal pronoun.

*{{test|hu|Levelet ír'''t'''am.|I wrote a letter.}}
*{{test|hu|Sokat futo'''tt'''am.|I ran a lot.}}
*{{test|hu|Jól alud'''t'''am.|I slept well.}}
==Tenses==
There are only three tenses in Hungarian, but we can use adverbs to modify their time or meaning. However in English there are more tenses of present, past and future.

*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He ran.}}
*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He was running.}}
*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He had run.}}

*{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He runs.}}
*{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He is running.}}

*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He will run.}}
*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He will be running.}}
*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He is going to run.}}
==Word separation==
===Simple words===
In English we do not separate words at the end of the line, but in Hungarian we do it a lot.
We separate words such that at the beginings of the syllable there should be one consonant, except for when we have two vowels next to each other.

*krumpli (potatao) → krump-li
*dió (nut) → di-ó
*nyomtatható (printable) → nyom-tat-ha-tó
===Complex words===
However if it is a complex word, we separate it between the two words it consists of.
*szemüveg (glasses) → szem-ü-veg
*kerekasztal (roundtable) → ke-rek-asz-tal
*hóember (snowman) → hó-em-ber
==Writing of names==
While in English the names are written as „first name” „surname”, in Hungarian it is just the opposite. We write names as „surname” „first name”.

*{{test|hu|Kiss Péter|Péter Kiss}}
*{{test|hu|Nagy Bence|Bence Nagy}}
*{{test|hu|Kovács Kata|Kata Kovács}}
==Writing of dates==
In Hungarian we write the dates in a different order. The first is the year, the second is the month and the last one is the day.

*{{test|hu|2016.01.24.|24.01.2016.}}
*{{test|hu|1998.08.22.|22.08.1998.}}
*{{test|hu|2000.03.12.|12.03.2000.}}
==Articles==
===Definite article===
The definite articels are „a” or „az” in Hungarian, while in English there is just one, „the”.We put „a” before a word that starts with a consonant, and we put „az” before a word that starts with a vowel.

*{{test|hu|'''az''' ablak|'''the''' window}}
*{{test|hu|'''az''' elefánt|'''the''' elephant}}
*{{test|hu|'''a''' krokodil|'''the''' crocodile}}
*{{test|hu|'''a''' telefon|'''the''' telephone}}
===Indefinite article===
While in English there are two types of indefinite articles („a” and „an”), in Hungarian there is only one, „egy”.

*{{test|hu|Ez '''egy''' szép fa.|This is '''a''' nice tree.}}
*{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' almám.|I have got '''an''' apple.}}
*{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' barna kutya az utcán.|There is '''a''' brown dog on the street.}}

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 *{{test|hu|'''Ő''' fut.|'''He/She''' is running.}}
 *{{test|hu|'''Ő''' elment haza.|'''He/She''' went home.}}
-*{{test|hu|'''Ő'''szereti az almát.|'''He/She''' likes apples.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' szereti az almát.|'''He/She''' likes apples.}}
 ==Accusative pronouns==
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 We separate words such that at the beginings of the syllable there should be one consonant, except for when we have two vowels next to each other.
-*krumpli (potatao) → krump-li
+*krumpli (potato) → krump-li
 *dió (nut) → di-ó
 *nyomtatható (printable) → nyom-tat-ha-tó

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 *{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|I love '''him/her'''.}}
 *{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''azt'''.|I love '''it'''.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ceasar a kutyám. (Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|Ceasar is my dog. I love '''him'''.}}
+*{{test|hu|Caesar a kutyám. (Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|Caesar is my dog. I love '''him'''.}}
 *{{test|hu|A zsiráfok szépek. Én szeretem '''őket'''.|Giraffes are nice. I love '''them'''.}}
 ==Possessive Pronouns==
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 *{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''' az Olimpián.|He ran on the Olimpics.}}
 *{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''', amikor meghallott valamit.|He was running, when he heard something.}}
-*{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''', mielőtt megcsinálta a házifeladatát.|He had run before hi did his homework.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''', mielőtt megcsinálta a házifeladatát.|He had run before he did his homework.}}
 ----

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{TOCD}}
 ==Genders==
 In Hungarian, there are no distinctions between genders.
@@ Line 81: / Line 82: @@
 *{{test|hu|'''a''' telefon|'''the''' telephone}}
 ====Before possessed nominals====
+Before possessed nominals in Hungarian we use a definite article, while in English we do not.
 *{{test|hu|a kutyám|my dog}}
 *{{test|hu|az elefántod|your elephant}}
@@ Line 86: / Line 88: @@
 (except in 'have' constructions)
 ====Before possessive pronouns====
+We also use a definite article before possessive pronouns, however in English we do not.
 *{{test|hu|'''az''' enyém|mine}}
 *{{test|hu|'''a''' tiéd|yours}}
 *{{test|hu|'''a''' miénk|ours}}
 ====Before nominals with a demonstrative pronoun====
+Hungarian also uses a definite article before nominals with a demonstrative pronoun, while English does not.
 *{{test|hu|ez '''az''' alma|this apple}}
 *{{test|hu|azok '''az''' ablakok|those windows}}
 *{{test|hu|az '''a''' macska|that cat}}
 ====Before a noun in order to give it a generic connotation====
+In Hungarian we put a definite article before a noun to give it a generic connotation. English uses plural form to express the same.
 *{{test|hu|Szeretem '''a''' pénteket.|I like Fridays.}}
 ====In a colloquial speech before a person's name====
+In Hungarian we uses articles before a person's name only in colloquial speech. We do not use it in formal speech.
 *{{test|hu|Okos '''a''' Sári.|Sári is clever.}}
 *{{test|hu|Szeretem '''a''' Pétert.|I love Péter.}}

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 (except in 'have' constructions)
 ====Before possessive pronouns====
-*{{test|hu|az enyém|mine}}
+*{{test|hu|'''az''' enyém|mine}}
-*{{test|hu|a tiéd|yours}}
+*{{test|hu|'''a''' tiéd|yours}}
-*{{test|hu|a miénk|ours}}
+*{{test|hu|'''a''' miénk|ours}}
 ====Before nominals with a demonstrative pronoun====
-*{{test|hu|ez az alma|this apple}}
+*{{test|hu|ez '''az''' alma|this apple}}
-*{{test|hu|azok az ablakok|those windows}}
+*{{test|hu|azok '''az''' ablakok|those windows}}
-*{{test|hu|az a macska|that cat}}
+*{{test|hu|az '''a''' macska|that cat}}
 ====Before a noun in order to give it a generic connotation====
-*{{test|hu|Szeretem a pénteket.|I like Fridays.}}
+*{{test|hu|Szeretem '''a''' pénteket.|I like Fridays.}}
 ====In a colloquial speech before a person's name====
-*{{test|hu|Okos a Sári.|Sári is clever.}}
+*{{test|hu|Okos '''a''' Sári.|Sári is clever.}}
-*{{test|hu|Szeretem a Pétert.|I love Péter.}}
+*{{test|hu|Szeretem '''a''' Pétert.|I love Péter.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ismered a Katát?|Do you know Kata?}}
+*{{test|hu|Ismered '''a''' Katát?|Do you know Kata?}}
 ===Indefinite article===
 While in English there are two types of indefinite articles („a” and „an”), in Hungarian there is only one, „egy”.
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 *{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' barna kutya az utcán.|There is '''a''' brown dog on the street.}}
 ===Zero article===
-Before predicate nouns we do not use articles.
+Before predicate nouns, in Hungarian we do not use articles.
-*{{test|hu|Mari fodrász, Marci asztalos.|Mari is a hairdresser, Marci is a carpenter.}}
+*{{test|hu|Mari fodrász, Marci asztalos.|Mari is '''a''' hairdresser, Marci is '''a''' carpenter.}}
 ==Person agreement with the verb==
 In English person agreement only appears at third-person singular, in the present verb form (additional „s”), and at the different forms of to be. In Hungarian there is always person agreement.

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 *{{test|hu|Itt van a ház'''uk'''.|Here is '''their''' house.}}
 ==Past tense==
-In Hungarian we use „-t” or „-tt”at the end of the verbs to express past tense. However it is before the suffix of the personal pronoun.
+In Hungarian we use „-t” or „-tt”at the end of the verbs to express past tense. However it is before the suffix of the personal pronoun, whereas in English the suffix of past tense ("-d") is at the very end of the verb.
 *{{test|hu|Levelet ír'''t'''am.|I wrote a letter.}}
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 *{{test|hu|'''a''' krokodil|'''the''' crocodile}}
 *{{test|hu|'''a''' telefon|'''the''' telephone}}
+====Before possessed nominals====
+*{{test|hu|a kutyám|my dog}}
+*{{test|hu|az elefántod|your elephant}}
+*{{test|hu|a szendvicseink|our sandwiches}}
+(except in 'have' constructions)
+====Before possessive pronouns====
+*{{test|hu|az enyém|mine}}
+*{{test|hu|a tiéd|yours}}
+*{{test|hu|a miénk|ours}}
+====Before nominals with a demonstrative pronoun====
+*{{test|hu|ez az alma|this apple}}
+*{{test|hu|azok az ablakok|those windows}}
+*{{test|hu|az a macska|that cat}}
+====Before a noun in order to give it a generic connotation====
+*{{test|hu|Szeretem a pénteket.|I like Fridays.}}
+====In a colloquial speech before a person's name====
+*{{test|hu|Okos a Sári.|Sári is clever.}}
+*{{test|hu|Szeretem a Pétert.|I love Péter.}}
+*{{test|hu|Ismered a Katát?|Do you know Kata?}}
 ===Indefinite article===
 While in English there are two types of indefinite articles („a” and „an”), in Hungarian there is only one, „egy”.
@@ Line 86: / Line 105: @@
 *{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' almám.|I have got '''an''' apple.}}
 *{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' barna kutya az utcán.|There is '''a''' brown dog on the street.}}
+===Zero article===
+Before predicate nouns we do not use articles.
+*{{test|hu|Mari fodrász, Marci asztalos.|Mari is a hairdresser, Marci is a carpenter.}}
 ==Person agreement with the verb==
 In English person agreement only appears at third-person singular, in the present verb form (additional „s”), and at the different forms of to be. In Hungarian there is always person agreement.

@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 ===Simple words===
 In English we do not separate words at the end of the line, but in Hungarian we do it a lot.
-We separate words such that at the beginings of the syllable there should be one consonant, except for when we have two vowels next to each other.
+We separate words such that at the beginnings of the syllable there should be one consonant, except for when we have two vowels next to each other.
 *krumpli (potato) → krump-li
 *dió (nut) → di-ó
 *nyomtatható (printable) → nyom-tat-ha-tó
 ===Complex words===
 However if it is a complex word, we separate it between the two words it consists of.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{TOCD}}
 ==Genders==
+In Hungarian, there are no distinctions between genders.
-===Subject===
+==Nominative pronouns==
-In Hungarian, there are no distinctions between „she” or „he”. We only differentiate „it”, but not always. We use „ő” if it refers to a person (or a beloved pet or car...), and we do not put the personal pronouns in the sentence if it refers to an object.
+The third-person pronouns can only refer to people (or beloved pet, car...)
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' fut.|'''He/She''' is running.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' elment haza.|'''He/She''' went home.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő'''szereti az almát.|'''He/She''' likes apples.}}
+==Accusative pronouns==
-*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' fut.|'''He/She/It''' is running.}}
+In accusative case "őket" may refer to objects or animals as well as people, though "őt" is usually only for humans (or beloved pet, car...).
-*{{test|hu|'''Ő''' elment haza.|He/She/It went home.}}
-*{{test|hu|Az óra leesett, de („'''it'''”) működik.|The clock fell down, but '''it''' works.}}
-===Object===
-We do not differentiate the object form of personal pronouns according to genders. If it refers to a person (or a beloved pet,car...) we use „őt”. If it refers to an object we use „azt”.
 *{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|I love '''him/her'''.}}
 *{{test|hu|(Én) szeretem '''azt'''.|I love '''it'''.}}
 *{{test|hu|Ceasar a kutyám. (Én) szeretem '''őt'''.|Ceasar is my dog. I love '''him'''.}}
+*{{test|hu|A zsiráfok szépek. Én szeretem '''őket'''.|Giraffes are nice. I love '''them'''.}}
 ==Possessive Pronouns==
 In Hungarian we use a lot of suffixes. We also put the possesive pronouns at the end of the noun, unlike English which uses a plus word to express it.
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 There are only three tenses in Hungarian, but we can use adverbs to modify their time or meaning. However in English there are more tenses of present, past and future.
-*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He ran.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''' az Olimpián.|He ran on the Olimpics.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He was running.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''', amikor meghallott valamit.|He was running, when he heard something.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He had run.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futott''', mielőtt megcsinálta a házifeladatát.|He had run before hi did his homework.}}
 ----
-*{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He runs.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő fut''' mindennap.|He runs everyday.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He is running.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő fut''' most.|He is running now.}}
 ----
-*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He will run.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futni fog''' az Olimpián az újság szerint.|He will run on the Olimpics according to the newspaper.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He will be running.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futni fog''' holnap ilyenkor.|He will be running by this time tomorrow.}}
-*{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He is going to run.}}
+*{{test|hu|'''Ő futni fog''', már tegnap eldöntötte.|He is going to run, he had already decided it yesterday.}}
 ==Word separation==
 ===Simple words===

@@ Line 123: / Line 123: @@
 ===Dative case===
 *{{test|hu|autó'''nak'''|'''to''' the car}}
-*{{test|hu|szék''''nek'''|'''to''' the chair}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''nek'''|'''to''' the chair}}
 *{{test|hu|almá'''nak'''|'''to''' the apple}}
 ===Instrumental-comitative case===
 *{{test|hu|autó'''val'''|'''with''' the car}}

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He was running.}}
 *{{test|hu|Ő futott.|He had run.}}
+----
 *{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He runs.}}
 *{{test|hu|Ő fut.|He is running.}}
+----
 *{{test|hu|Ő futni fog.|He will run.}}
@@ Line 81: / Line 85: @@
 *{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' almám.|I have got '''an''' apple.}}
 *{{test|hu|Van '''egy''' barna kutya az utcán.|There is '''a''' brown dog on the street.}}
+==Person agreement with the verb==
+In English person agreement only appears at third-person singular, in the present verb form (additional „s”), and at the different forms of to be. In Hungarian there is always person agreement.
+*{{test|hu|Én fut'''ok''' mindennap.|I run everyday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Te fut'''sz''' mindennap.|You run everyday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Ő fut mindennap.|He run'''s''' everyday}}
+----
+*{{test|hu|Én boldog '''vagyok'''.|I '''am''' happy.}}
+*{{test|hu|Te boldog '''vagy'''.|You '''are''' happy.}}
+*{{test|hu|Ő boldog.|He '''is''' happy}} (there is no „to be” in present tense of the third-person singular in Hungarian)
+----
+*{{test|hu|Én szomorú '''voltam'''.|I '''was''' sad.}}
+*{{test|hu|Te szomorú '''voltál'''.|You '''were''' sad.}}
+*{{test|hu|Ő szomorú '''volt'''.|He '''was''' sad.}}
+==Word order==
+There are a lot of differences between Hungarian and English word order. English word order is very rigid (usually SVO), whereas the Hungarian one is really flexible (however it has very little difference in meaning according to different word orders, and it is also affected by the emphases).
+*{{test|hu|Sütöttem tortát tegnap.|I baked a cake yesterday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Sütöttem tegnap tortát.|I baked a cake yesterday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Tegnap sütöttem tortát.|I baked a cake yesterday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Tegnap tortát sütöttem.|I baked a cake yesterday.}}
+*{{test|hu|Tortát sütöttem tegnap.|I baked a cake yesterday.}}
+==Marking of cases on nouns==
+Hungarian uses suffixes at the end of the nouns to express different cases, whereas English uses plus words.
+===Nominative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó|car (as a subject)}}
+*{{test|hu|szék|chair (as a subject)}}
+*{{test|hu|alma|apple (as a subject)}}
+===Accusative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''t'''|car (as an object)}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''et'''|chair (as an object)}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''t'''|apple (as an object)}}
+===Dative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''nak'''|'''to''' the car}}
+*{{test|hu|szék''''nek'''|'''to''' the chair}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''nak'''|'''to''' the apple}}
+===Instrumental-comitative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''val'''|'''with''' the car}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''kel'''|'''with''' the chair}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''val'''|'''with''' the apple}}
+===Causal-final case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''ért'''|'''for''' the car}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''ért'''|'''for''' the chair}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''ért'''|'''for''' the apple}}
+===Translative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''vá'''|(turn) '''into''' a car}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''ké'''|(turn) '''into''' a chair}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''vá'''|(turn) '''into''' an apple}}
+===Terminative case===
+*{{test|hu|autó'''ig'''|'''up to''' the car}}
+*{{test|hu|szék'''ig'''|'''up to''' the chair}}
+*{{test|hu|almá'''ig'''|'''up to''' the apple}}