English and Hindi/ Contrastive Grammar - Revision history

Saumashree: /* Sentence Structure */

2018-01-17T08:56:22Z

Sentence Structure

Saumashree: /* Sentence Structure */

2018-01-17T08:55:56Z

Sentence Structure

Saumashree: /* Sentence Structure */

2018-01-17T08:53:42Z

Sentence Structure

Saumashree: /* Verbs */

2018-01-15T17:24:27Z

Verbs

Saumashree: /* Possessive Pronouns */

2018-01-15T17:20:27Z

Possessive Pronouns

Saumashree: /* Possessive Pronouns */

2018-01-15T17:15:18Z

Possessive Pronouns

Saumashree: /* Possessive Pronouns */

2018-01-15T17:11:37Z

Possessive Pronouns

Saumashree: /* Personal Pronouns */

2018-01-15T17:04:22Z

Personal Pronouns

Saumashree: /* CONCLUSION */

2018-01-13T16:23:11Z

CONCLUSION

Saumashree: /* Types of Verbs */

2018-01-13T16:22:05Z

Types of Verbs

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 Similarly:- (along with pronunciation)
-* {{test|hindi|रानी पानी पीने गयी|Rani paani peene gayi|Rani water drink went|Rani went to drink water}}
+* {{test|hindi|रानी पानी पीने गयी |Rani water drink went|Rani went to drink water}}
-* {{test|hindi|आदमी खाना खाने गया|aadmi khana khane gaya|man food to eat went|Man went to eat food}}
+* {{test|hindi|आदमी खाना खाने गया |man food to eat went|Man went to eat food}}
 ==Pronouns==

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
-Similarly:-
+Similarly:- (along with pronunciation)
-* {{test|hindi|रानी पानी पीने गयी|Rani water drink went|Rani went to drink water}}
+* {{test|hindi|रानी पानी पीने गयी|Rani paani peene gayi|Rani water drink went|Rani went to drink water}}
-* {{test|hindi|आदमी खाना खाने गया|man food to eat went|Man went to eat food}}
+* {{test|hindi|आदमी खाना खाने गया|aadmi khana khane gaya|man food to eat went|Man went to eat food}}
 ==Pronouns==

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 * I like to play basket ball. (S- I  V- play O-basketball)
 Similarly:-
-* Stacy is writing about the water}} .
+* Stacy is writing about the movie.
 * Ren is fixing the pole.

@@ Line 138: / Line 138: @@
 * {{test|hindi|बच्चे  फुटबॉल खेलेंगे।|Children football will play|Children will play football}}
+''P.S. this section does not depict difference between tenses in both the languages. The tenses have just been depicted to show the different forms of verbs in each tense and language ''
 ===Types of Verbs===

@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 ''Words may vary. Reason will be explained in the next section''
+''Also, there are two forms for each pronoun as you can see. That is because the pronoun changes as per the position of the object. ''
+''Some words, when translated have been depicted as not masculine and feminine because the same word can be used to depict both genders. ''
 '''Between the genders of the object:-'''

@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 '''Between the genders of the object:-'''
 Every Hindi noun is either Masculine or Feminine. Our Possessive Pronouns must agree with the gender of the word:-
-* {{test|Eng|My| मेरा (for male)/ मेरी (for female)}}
+* {{test|Eng|My| मेरा (for masculine )/ मेरी (for feminine )}}
-----{{test|hindi|मेरा घर|My house}}    (House in Hindi is a male word)
+----{{test|hindi|मेरा घर|My house}}    (House in Hindi is a masculine word)
-----{{test|hindi|मेरी किताब|My Book.}}  (Book in Hindi is a female word)
+----{{test|hindi|मेरी किताब|My Book.}}  (Book in Hindi is a feminine word)
-* {{test|Eng|Their| उनके (male) /उनकी (female)}}   (this is in case of plural)
+* {{test|Eng|Their| उनके (masculine ) /उनकी (feminine)}}   (this is in case of plural)
-----{{test|hindi|उनके केले|Their bananas.}}  (Banana is a male word)
+----{{test|hindi|उनके केले|Their bananas.}}  (Banana is a masculine word)
-----{{test|hindi|उनकी जूते|Their shoes.}}     (Shoe is a female word)
+----{{test|hindi|उनकी जूते|Their shoes.}}     (Shoe is a feminine word)
-* {{test|Eng|Her/ His (depends on object)| उसकी (female) / उसके (male)}}
+* {{test|Eng|Her/ His (depends on object)| उसकी (feminine) / उसके (masculine)}}
-----{{test|hindi|उसकी साडी|Her Sari.}}   (Sari is a female word i.e. it is a type of cultural Indian clothing)
+----{{test|hindi|उसकी साडी|Her Sari.}}   (Sari is a feminine word i.e. it is a type of cultural Indian clothing)
-----{{test|hindi|उसके आलू |his potatoes.}}  (potatoes are male words here.)
+----{{test|hindi|उसके आलू |his potatoes.}}  (potatoes are masculine words here.)
 ==Verbs==

@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 In Hindi, the possessive pronouns mean the same thing as in English language- Pronouns which show possession.
-Here are few examples of possessive pronouns in Hindi. You may notice that the pronoun usually precedes the object same as in the English, but the action/ verb usually is after the pronoun and object. Some are shown below:-
+Here are few examples of possessive pronouns in Hindi shown below:-
 Literal translations (word to word) and actual translations:-

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 ===Personal Pronouns===
-A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense.
+A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular organism or a thing in the grammatical sense.
 In English, there are sets of Personal pronouns which can be used to differentiate gender. In Hindi, often the same words are used even in cases of different gender.
 Examples of such pronouns:-

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:23, 13 January 2018
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	==CONCLUSION==		==CONCLUSION==

	~~Hindi is a split-ergative language. Therefore the~~ translation from Hindi to English poses as a major barrier for learners as their grammatical differencees vary by structure a lot.		The translation from Hindi to English poses as a major barrier for learners as their grammatical differencees vary by structure a lot.

@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 Examples:-
-Literal translation:-
+Literal translation and Actual translations :-
-* {{test|hindi|राम समाचार पत्र पढ़ रहा है।|Ram a newspaper is reading}}
+* {{test|hindi|राम समाचार पत्र पढ़ रहा है।|Ram a newspaper is reading|Ram is reading a newspaper}}
-* {{test|hindi|सीता बाजार जा रही है।|Sita the market is going to}}
+* {{test|hindi|सीता बाजार जा रही है।|Sita the market is going to|Sita is going to the market}}
-* {{test|hindi|जॉनसन क्रिकेट खेल रहा है।|Johnson cricket is playing}}
+* {{test|hindi|जॉनसन क्रिकेट खेल रहा है।|Johnson cricket is playing|Johnson is playing cricket}}
-Actual translations:-
-* {{test|hindi|राम समाचार पत्र पढ़ रहा है।|Ram is reading a newspaper}}
-* {{test|hindi|सीता बाजार जा रही है।|Sita is going to the market}}
-* {{test|hindi|जॉनसन क्रिकेट खेल रहा है।|Johnson is playing cricket}}
 ) Intransitive verb: Intransitive verbs which does not have any specific object on which the action being done:
@@ Line 159: / Line 154: @@
 Examples:-
-Literal translations:-
+Literal translations and Actual translations :-
-* {{test|hindi|बच्चों रो रहे हैं।|Children crying are}}
-* {{test|hindi|रंजन खेल रहा है।|Ranjan playing is.}}
-* {{test|hindi|मोहन सो रहा है।|Mohan sleeping is.}}
+* {{test|hindi|बच्चों रो रहे हैं।|Children crying are|Children are crying}}
-Actual translations:-
+* {{test|hindi|रंजन खेल रहा है।|Ranjan playing is.|Ranjan is playing.}}
+* {{test|hindi|मोहन सो रहा है।|Mohan sleeping is.|Mohan is sleeping}}
-* {{test|hindi|बच्चों रो रहे हैं।|Children are crying}}
-* {{test|hindi|रंजन खेल रहा है।|Ranjan is playing.}}
-* {{test|hindi|मोहन सो रहा है।|Mohan is sleeping.}}
+As mentioned earlier the word order is not the same. There may be a lot of places where in translations, there is a difference in the no. Of words in either Hindi or English. That is again one of the translation problems as sometimes two words in Hindi may be translated to one word in English
-As mentioned earlier the word order is not quite the same.
 ==CONCLUSION==