English and Chinese/Contrasive Grammar - Revision history

Yizhuo at 08:23, 19 January 2015

2015-01-19T08:23:02Z

Yizhuo at 08:21, 19 January 2015

2015-01-19T08:21:58Z

Yizhuo at 09:43, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T09:43:16Z

Yizhuo at 09:41, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T09:41:27Z

Yizhuo at 07:56, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T07:56:23Z

Yizhuo at 07:53, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T07:53:52Z

Yizhuo at 07:33, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T07:33:14Z

Yizhuo at 01:42, 18 January 2015

2015-01-18T01:42:36Z

Yizhuo at 10:40, 16 January 2015

2015-01-16T10:40:47Z

Yizhuo at 09:33, 16 January 2015

2015-01-16T09:33:34Z

@@ Line 137: / Line 137: @@
 =Numbers=
 In Chinese, ten thousand(wan) is used as a unit instead of a thousand.
-*{{test|zho|一万|10000(One ‘wan')}}
+*{{test|zho|一万|10000|One ‘wan'}}
-*{{test|zho|十万|100000 (Ten ‘wan')}}
+*{{test|zho|十万|100000|Ten ‘wan'}}
-*{{test|zho|一千万|10000000 (One thousand ‘wan')}}
+*{{test|zho|一千万|10000000|One thousand ‘wan'}}
 =So...that=
@@ Line 149: / Line 149: @@
 =Clause=
 The clause is usually in front of the noun in Chinese.
-*{{test|zho|那个在跑步的人是个运动员。|That running person is an athlete. (The person who is running is an athlete.)}}
+*{{test|zho|那个在跑步的人是个运动员。|That running person is an athlete.|The person who is running is an athlete.}}
-*{{test|zho|说中文的那个人|Speak Chinese that person (The person who speaks Chinese)}}
+*{{test|zho|说中文的那个人|Speak Chinese that person|The person who speaks Chinese}}
-*{{test|zho|遛狗的那个人住在附近。|Walking with a dog that person lives nearby.(The person who is walking with a dog lives nearby.)}}
+*{{test|zho|遛狗的那个人住在附近。|Walking with a dog that person lives nearby.|The person who is walking with a dog lives nearby.}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 =Intro=
 This page lists out the differences between English and Chinese.
+This page uses simplified Chinese characters. The pronunciations are according to Mandarin.
 =Letters=
@@ Line 10: / Line 11: @@
 =The & A=
 There is no use of the or a in Chinese. A is replaced by ‘one’.
-* {{test|zho|地球|Earth (The Earth)}}
+* {{test|zho|地球|Earth|The Earth}}
-* {{test|zho|宇宙|Universe (The Universe)}}
+* {{test|zho|宇宙|Universe|The Universe}}
-* {{test|zho|一座山|One mountain (A mountain)}}
+* {{test|zho|一座山|One mountain|A mountain}}
 =Sentence Structure=
@@ Line 19: / Line 20: @@
 ===Order of words===
 In Chinese, the sentence structure 'People+Time+Place+Action' is being used.
-* {{test|zho|两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。|Two students yesterday in the classroom ate.(Two students ate in the classroom yesterday.)}}
+* {{test|zho|两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。|Two students yesterday in the classroom ate.|Two students ate in the classroom yesterday.}}
-* {{test|zho|你明天在电影院等我。|You tomorrow at the cinema wait for me.(You wait for me at the cinema tomorrow.) }}
+* {{test|zho|你明天在电影院等我。|You tomorrow at the cinema wait for me.|You wait for me at the cinema tomorrow.}}
-* {{test|zho|我明年会去加拿大上大学。|I next year going to Canada for University.(I am going to Canada for University next year.)}}
+* {{test|zho|我明年会去加拿大上大学。|I next year going to Canada for University.|I am going to Canada for University next year.}}
 ===Very===
 'Very' could be placed in front of or behind the adjective.
-* {{test|zho|我很喜欢它。|I very like it.(I like it very much.)}}
+* {{test|zho|我很喜欢它。|I very like it.|I like it very much.}}
-* {{test|zho|他乖得很。|He is obedient very.(He is very obedient.)}}
+* {{test|zho|他乖得很。|He is obedient very.|He is very obedient.}}
-* {{test|zho|非常感谢。|Very much thank you.(Thank you very much.)}}
+* {{test|zho|非常感谢。|Very much thank you.|Thank you very much.}}
 =Pronunciations=
@@ Line 46: / Line 47: @@
 In Chinese, when a passive voice is written, the object is usually followed by ‘by’ and then the subject. What follows are the verbs.
-*{{test|zho|饭被我吃了|The food by me eaten (The food is eaten by me)}}
+*{{test|zho|饭被我吃了|The food by me eaten |The food is eaten by me}}
-*{{test|zho|笔被我拿了|The pen by me taken (The pen is taken by me)}}
+*{{test|zho|笔被我拿了|The pen by me taken |The pen is taken by me}}
-*{{test|zho|我被他骗了|I by him tricked (I was tricked by him)}}
+*{{test|zho|我被他骗了|I by him tricked|I was tricked by him}}
 =Pronouns=
@@ Line 79: / Line 80: @@
 ==Personal pronouns==
 Sometimes the Chinese sentences have no personal pronouns, but it is still considered as a complete sentence.
-*{{test|zho|由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。|Due to the insufficient time, homework is not done, please forgive.(Due to the insufficient time, our homework is not done, please forgive us.)}}
+*{{test|zho|由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。|Due to the insufficient time, homework is not done, please forgive.|Due to the insufficient time, our homework is not done, please forgive us.}}
-*{{test|zho|一起去吃饭吧。|Let go to eat.(Let us go to eat.)}}
+*{{test|zho|一起去吃饭吧。|Let go to eat.|Let us go to eat.}}
-*{{test|zho|因为资金不足导致任务失败。|Do not have enough financial support thus did not complete the project.(We Do not have enough financial support thus we did not complete the project.)}}
+*{{test|zho|因为资金不足导致任务失败。|Do not have enough financial support thus did not complete the project.|We Do not have enough financial support thus we did not complete the project.}}
 =Verbs=
 In Chinese, multiple verbs could be used in one sentence without using a connector such as ‘and’ or ‘but’.
-*{{test|zho|他吃饭吃得真快。|He eat food eats really fast. (He eats food really fast).}}
+*{{test|zho|他吃饭吃得真快。|He eat food eats really fast.|He eats food really fast.}}
-*{{test|zho|你爬树，我上房。|You climb the tree, I go to the roof.(You climb the tree while I go to the roof.).}}
+*{{test|zho|你爬树，我上房。|You climb the tree, I go to the roof.|You climb the tree while I go to the roof.}}
-*{{test|zho|欲得天下，先取荆州。|Want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.(If you want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.).}}
+*{{test|zho|欲得天下，先取荆州。|Want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.|If you want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.}}
 =Be-Verbs=
@@ Line 101: / Line 102: @@
 过(already)is usually used to show the perfect tense.
-*{{test|zho|我吃'''过'''饭了|I have already eat.(I have already eaten.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我吃'''过'''饭了|I have already eat.|I have already eaten.}}
-*{{test|zho|他去'''过'''美国了|He have already go to the US.(He has already been to the US.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他去'''过'''美国了|He have already go to the US.|He has already been to the US.}}
-*{{test|zho|你问'''过'''老师了吗？|Have you ask the teacher?(Have you asked the teacher?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你问'''过'''老师了吗？|Have you ask the teacher?|Have you asked the teacher?}}
 ===Continuous tense===
 Words like 正/在(now) are used in continuous tense.
-*{{test|zho|我刚刚'''在'''吃饭|I eat just now.(I was eating just now.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我刚刚'''在'''吃饭|I eat just now.|I was eating just now.}}
-*{{test|zho|他'''在'''做作业|He do homework.(He is doing homework.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他'''在'''做作业|He do homework.|He is doing homework.}}
-*{{test|zho|你'''在'''干什么？|What you do?(What are you doing?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你'''在'''干什么？|What you do?|What are you doing?}}
 ===Future tense===
 Words such as 要,会(Will/Going to) are used for future tense.
-*{{test|zho|我正'''要'''吃饭|I go to eat(I am going to eat.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我正'''要'''吃饭|I go to eat|I am going to eat.}}
-*{{test|zho|他'''要'''去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.(He is going to participate in the competition.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他'''要'''去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.|He is going to participate in the competition.}}
-*{{test|zho|你明天'''会'''带过来吗？|You bring it tomorrow?(Will you bring it tomorrow?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你明天'''会'''带过来吗？|You bring it tomorrow?|Will you bring it tomorrow?}}
 =Rhetorical Questions=
 In Chinese, when a rhetorical question is asked, is the answer is positive, the answer has to be in positive. If it is negative, then it will be answered in negative.
-*{{test|zho|你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。|Haven’t you read this book? Yes, I haven’t. (No, I haven’t.)}}
+*{{test|zho|你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。|Haven’t you read this book? Yes, I haven’t.|No, I haven’t.}}
-*{{test|zho|你不会吗？不，我会。|Don’t you know it? No, I know it. (Yes, I know it.)}}
+*{{test|zho|你不会吗？不，我会。|Don’t you know it? No, I know it.|Yes, I know it.}}
-*{{test|zho|你不好吗？是，我不好。|Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.(No, I’m not.)}}
+*{{test|zho|你不好吗？是，我不好。|Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.|No, I’m not.}}
 =Singular and Plural=
+There is no change made to the noun for plural form. Also, for different nouns, different classifiers are being used. The most commonly seen classifier is '''个'''. There are many others such as 条(for ropes, fish, rivers and dogs, etc that has a generally long and string-like appearance),张(for paper-like objects) and 台(for electrical appliances), etc.
-There is no change made to the noun for plural form.
 *{{test|zho|一个球|A ball}}
 *{{test|zho|三个球|Three ball(s)}}

@@ Line 101: / Line 101: @@
 过(already)is usually used to show the perfect tense.
-*{{test|zho|我吃过饭了|I have already eat.(I have already eaten.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我吃'''过'''饭了|I have already eat.(I have already eaten.)}}
-*{{test|zho|他去过美国了|He have already go to the US.(He has already been to the US.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他去'''过'''美国了|He have already go to the US.(He has already been to the US.)}}
-*{{test|zho|你问过老师了吗？|Have you ask the teacher?(Have you asked the teacher?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你问'''过'''老师了吗？|Have you ask the teacher?(Have you asked the teacher?)}}
 ===Continuous tense===
 Words like 正/在(now) are used in continuous tense.
-*{{test|zho|我刚刚在吃饭|I eat just now.(I was eating just now.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我刚刚'''在'''吃饭|I eat just now.(I was eating just now.)}}
-*{{test|zho|他在做作业|He do homework.(He is doing homework.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他'''在'''做作业|He do homework.(He is doing homework.)}}
-*{{test|zho|你在干什么？|What you do?(What are you doing?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你'''在'''干什么？|What you do?(What are you doing?)}}
 ===Future tense===
 Words such as 要,会(Will/Going to) are used for future tense.
-*{{test|zho|我正要吃饭|I go to eat(I am going to eat.)}}
+*{{test|zho|我正'''要'''吃饭|I go to eat(I am going to eat.)}}
-*{{test|zho|他要去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.(He is going to participate in the competition.)}}
+*{{test|zho|他'''要'''去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.(He is going to participate in the competition.)}}
-*{{test|zho|你明天会带过来吗？|You bring it tomorrow?(Will you bring it tomorrow?)}}
+*{{test|zho|你明天'''会'''带过来吗？|You bring it tomorrow?(Will you bring it tomorrow?)}}
-='''''Rhetorical Questions'''''=
+=Rhetorical Questions=
 In Chinese, when a rhetorical question is asked, is the answer is positive, the answer has to be in positive. If it is negative, then it will be answered in negative.
 *{{test|zho|你没读过这本书吗？是，没读过。|Haven’t you read this book? Yes, I haven’t. (No, I haven’t.)}}
@@ Line 125: / Line 125: @@
 *{{test|zho|你不好吗？是，我不好。|Aren’t you doing well? Yes, I’m not.(No, I’m not.)}}
-='''''Singular and Plural'''''=
+=Singular and Plural=
 There is no change made to the noun for plural form.
 *{{test|zho|一个球|A ball}}
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 *{{test|zho|三条狗|Three dog(s)}}
-='''''Numbers'''''=
+=Numbers=
 In Chinese, ten thousand(wan) is used as a unit instead of a thousand.
 *{{test|zho|一万|10000(One ‘wan')}}
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 *{{test|zho|一千万|10000000 (One thousand ‘wan')}}
-='''''So...that'''''=
+=So...that=
 In Chinese there is no such sentence structure as so...that.
 *{{test|zho|他太累了，跑不动了。|He is so tired that he cannot run anymore.}}
@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 *{{test|zho|这个东西太大了，放不下了。|This thing is so big that it cannot fit into this place.}}
-='''''Clause'''''=
+=Clause=
 The clause is usually in front of the noun in Chinese.
 *{{test|zho|那个在跑步的人是个运动员。|That running person is an athlete. (The person who is running is an athlete.)}}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-='''''Intro'''''=
+=Intro=
 This page lists out the differences between English and Chinese.
-='''''Letters'''''=
+=Letters=
 In Chinese, there is no such things as letters. Instead, symbols(Chinese Characters) are used to write.
 * {{test|eng|Hello|你好}}
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 * {{test|eng|What is your name|你叫什么名字}}
-='''''The & A'''''=
+=The & A=
 There is no use of the or a in Chinese. A is replaced by ‘one’.
 * {{test|zho|地球|Earth (The Earth)}}
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * {{test|zho|一座山|One mountain (A mountain)}}
-='''''Sentence Structure'''''=
+=Sentence Structure=
 The order of words in Chinese are sometimes different from that in English.
-='Order of words'=
+===Order of words===
 In Chinese, the sentence structure 'People+Time+Place+Action' is being used.
 * {{test|zho|两名同学昨天在教室里吃饭。|Two students yesterday in the classroom ate.(Two students ate in the classroom yesterday.)}}
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 * {{test|zho|我明年会去加拿大上大学。|I next year going to Canada for University.(I am going to Canada for University next year.)}}
+===Very===
-=‘Very'=
 'Very' could be placed in front of or behind the adjective.
 * {{test|zho|我很喜欢它。|I very like it.(I like it very much.)}}
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 * {{test|zho|非常感谢。|Very much thank you.(Thank you very much.)}}
-='''''Pronunciations'''''=
+=Pronunciations=
 In Chinese the symbols are indicated by Pinyin to show their pronunciations. The Pinyin are like English letters but they have a different pronunciation. They have similar usage as the phonetic symbols in English.
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Etc.
-='''''Passive Voice'''''=
+=Passive Voice=
 In Chinese, when a passive voice is written, the object is usually followed by ‘by’ and then the subject. What follows are the verbs.
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 *{{test|zho|我被他骗了|I by him tricked (I was tricked by him)}}
-='''''Pronouns'''''=
+=Pronouns=
 There are a few differences in the usage of pronouns in Chinese from English.
-='Variety'=
+==Variety==
 In Chinese, there is a larger variety of pronouns used to express I, you, he, she and they than in English.
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 Etc.
-='Personal pronouns'=
+==Personal pronouns==
 Sometimes the Chinese sentences have no personal pronouns, but it is still considered as a complete sentence.
 *{{test|zho|由于时间紧张，导致没能做完作业，请老师原谅。|Due to the insufficient time, homework is not done, please forgive.(Due to the insufficient time, our homework is not done, please forgive us.)}}
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 *{{test|zho|因为资金不足导致任务失败。|Do not have enough financial support thus did not complete the project.(We Do not have enough financial support thus we did not complete the project.)}}
-='''''Verbs'''''=
+=Verbs=
 In Chinese, multiple verbs could be used in one sentence without using a connector such as ‘and’ or ‘but’.
 *{{test|zho|他吃饭吃得真快。|He eat food eats really fast. (He eats food really fast).}}
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 *{{test|zho|欲得天下，先取荆州。|Want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.(If you want to conquer the world, get Jingzhou first.).}}
-='''''Be-Verbs'''''=
+=Be-Verbs=
 Be-Verbs are sometimes not required in Chinese sentences.
 *{{test|zho|我在做作业|I do homework now (I am doing homework now)}}
@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 *{{test|zho|当时我在法国|I in France then (I was in France then)}}
-='''''Tenses'''''=
+=Tenses=
 In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses.
 ===Perfect tense===
+过(already)is usually used to show the perfect tense.
 *{{test|zho|我吃过饭了|I have already eat.(I have already eaten.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他去过美国了|He have already go to the US.(He has already been to the US.)}}
@@ Line 104: / Line 106: @@
 ===Continuous tense===
+Words like 正/在(now) are used in continuous tense.
 *{{test|zho|我刚刚在吃饭|I eat just now.(I was eating just now.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他在做作业|He do homework.(He is doing homework.)}}
@@ Line 109: / Line 113: @@
 ===Future tense===
+Words such as 要,会(Will/Going to) are used for future tense.
 *{{test|zho|我正要吃饭|I go to eat(I am going to eat.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他要去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.(He is going to participate in the competition.)}}

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 * {{test|zho|他乖得很。|He is obedient very.(He is very obedient.)}}
 * {{test|zho|非常感谢。|Very much thank you.(Thank you very much.)}}
 ='''''Pronunciations'''''=
 In Chinese the symbols are indicated by Pinyin to show their pronunciations. The Pinyin are like English letters but they have a different pronunciation. They have similar usage as the phonetic symbols in English.
@@ Line 49: / Line 50: @@
 *{{test|zho|我被他骗了|I by him tricked (I was tricked by him)}}
-='''''Pronoun'''''=
+='''''Pronouns'''''=
+There are a few differences in the usage of pronouns in Chinese from English.
 ='Variety'=
 In Chinese, there is a larger variety of pronouns used to express I, you, he, she and they than in English.
@@ Line 95: / Line 98: @@
 In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses.
-=Perfect tense=
+===Perfect tense===
 *{{test|zho|我吃过饭了|I have already eat.(I have already eaten.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他去过美国了|He have already go to the US.(He has already been to the US.)}}
 *{{test|zho|你问过老师了吗？|Have you ask the teacher?(Have you asked the teacher?)}}
-=Continuous tense=
+===Continuous tense===
 *{{test|zho|我刚刚在吃饭|I eat just now.(I was eating just now.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他在做作业|He do homework.(He is doing homework.)}}
 *{{test|zho|你在干什么？|What you do?(What are you doing?)}}
-=Future tense=
+===Future tense===
 *{{test|zho|我正要吃饭|I go to eat(I am going to eat.)}}
 *{{test|zho|他要去参加比赛|He go to participate in the competition.(He is going to participate in the competition.)}}

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ===I:===
-*{{test|zho|我|(I)}}
+*{{test|zho|我|I}}
-*{{test|zho|吾|(Ancient way of I)}}
+*{{test|zho|吾|Ancient way of I}}
-*{{test|zho|俺|(I, mostly used by less educated or unconstrained people) }}
+*{{test|zho|俺|I, mostly used by less educated or unconstrained people}}
-*{{test|zho|老夫|(I, used by older people)}}
+*{{test|zho|老夫|I, used by older people}}
-*{{test|zho|小生|(I, used by younger people)}}
+*{{test|zho|小生|I, used by younger people}}
 Etc.
 ===You:===
-*{{test|zho|你|(You)}}
+*{{test|zho|你|You}}
-*{{test|zho|汝|(Ancient way of You, same as ‘thee’)}}
+*{{test|zho|汝|Ancient way of You, same as ‘thee’}}
-*{{test|zho|君|(Polite way of You)}}
+*{{test|zho|君|Polite way of You}}
-*{{test|zho|足下|(Polite way of You, used in ancient times)}}
+*{{test|zho|足下|Polite way of You, used in ancient times}}
-*{{test|zho|阁下|(Polite way of You)}}
+*{{test|zho|阁下|Polite way of You}}
 Etc.
 ===They:===
-*{{test|zho|他们|(They, used for males or male and female mix)}}
+*{{test|zho|他们|They, used for males or male and female mix}}
-*{{test|zho|她们|(They, used for females)}}
+*{{test|zho|她们|They, used for females}}
 Etc.
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 ='''''Tenses'''''=
 In Chinese, there are no tense used. Instead, words such as ‘already’ or ‘just now’ are used to express the time but the verbs do not change according to the tenses.
-*{{test|zho|我吃过饭了|(I have already eat(en))}}
+*{{test|zho|我吃过饭了|I have already eat(en)}}
-*{{test|zho|我刚刚在吃饭|(I (was) eat(ing) just now)}}
+*{{test|zho|我刚刚在吃饭|I (was) eat(ing) just now}}
-*{{test|zho|我正要吃饭|(I (am) going to eat)}}
+*{{test|zho|我正要吃饭|I (am) going to eat)}}
 ='''''Rhetorical Questions'''''=
@@ Line 91: / Line 91: @@
 ='''''Singular and Plural'''''=
 There is no change made to the noun for plural form.
-*{{test|zho|一个球|(A ball)}}
+*{{test|zho|一个球|A ball}}
-*{{test|zho|三个球|(Three ball(s))}}
+*{{test|zho|三个球|Three ball(s)}}
-*{{test|zho|一个人|(A person) }}
+*{{test|zho|一个人|A person}}
-*{{test|zho|三个人|(Three person(people))}}
+*{{test|zho|三个人|Three person(people)}}
-*{{test|zho|一条狗|(A dog)}}
+*{{test|zho|一条狗|A dog}}
-*{{test|zho|三条狗|(Three dog(s))}}
+*{{test|zho|三条狗|Three dog(s)}}
 ='''''Numbers'''''=