English and Arabic/Contrastive grammar - Revision history

Dunia: /* Subject-Verb Agreement */

2016-01-25T15:45:21Z

Subject-Verb Agreement

2016-01-25T11:14:11Z

Subject-Verb Agreement

2016-01-25T10:59:38Z

Subject-Verb Agreement

2016-01-25T10:55:56Z

Sentence Structure

2016-01-25T10:21:59Z

Sentence Structure

2016-01-24T09:34:04Z

Personal Pronouns

2016-01-24T09:29:58Z

Pronouns

2016-01-24T00:30:57Z

Pronouns

2016-01-21T14:39:17Z

Pronouns

2016-01-21T14:38:47Z

Case Endings

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 * المعلمات قراءة كتبهم→ The(female)teachers read their books
+* الأطفال الذكور فتح الأبواب →  The(male)children open the doors
+In the case of nominal sentences, the verb also agrees with the subject in terms of number and gender. (Nominal sentences begin with a noun.)
+* المراسلون المصريون كتبوا المقالة→ Egyptian correspondents wrote the article
+* سمير ومحمد وفريد كتبوا المقالة → Samir Mohammed and Fred wrote the article
+* سمير ونادية وفريدة كتبوا المقالة→ Samir and Nadia wrote the unique article
+In the third example, the verb is masculine. This is because the presence of one male rendered the sentence masculine. To conclude:
+'''If the subject comes before the verb, then there is complete agreement. Without a subject, it will be the same case. However, if a plural subject comes after a verb, the verb only agrees in gender and not number. '''
 == Adjectives ==

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 As stated before, sentences in Arabic usually start with verbs. In the sentences below, the subject agrees with the verb both in number and gender.
-* استغرق الطفل قطته
+* استغرق الطفل قطته→ The child took his cat
+* استغرق الطفل قطتها→ The child took her cat
+However, in the following sentences, the subjects are plural '''but the verbs are still singular.''' The verbs still agree with the subjects in gender. In a sentence that begins with a verb, when it is followed by a plural subject it only agrees with it in gender.
+* المعلمين قراءة كتبهم→ The(male)teachers read their books
+* المعلمات قراءة كتبهم→ The(female)teachers read their books
 == Adjectives ==

@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 ===Subject-Verb Agreement===
-In Arabic, verbs are gendered.
+In Arabic, verbs are gendered. Therefore, they have to agree with the subject in terms of gender.
 As stated before, sentences in Arabic usually start with verbs. In the sentences below, the subject agrees with the verb both in number and gender.
+* استغرق الطفل قطته
-*
 == Adjectives ==

@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 ===Subject-Verb Agreement===
+In Arabic, verbs are gendered.
+As stated before, sentences in Arabic usually start with verbs. In the sentences below, the subject agrees with the verb both in number and gender.
+*
 == Adjectives ==

@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 * سرقت قطة → A cat was stolen (direct translation: was stolen a cat)
+===Subject-Verb Agreement===
 == Adjectives ==

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 ===Personal Pronouns===
 '''Subject pronouns'''
 In Arabic, the subject pronouns are usually ignored, but they are required in spnominal sentences (sentences without verbs). In English, however, pronouns, when replacing nouns, are always required. In addition, there are gendered versions of the second person pronoun "you" in Arabic, as opposed to English.
@@ Line 40: / Line 39: @@
 *  هي العربية→ She is Arab
 In this example, the pronoun "heyya (هي )" is required due to this type of sentence usually not having a verb.
+* أنت فتاة → You are a girl.
+In this example, the female version of "you" is used.
+* هو متعب → He is tired
+Another example where "he" is required.
+'''Object pronouns'''
+While in English, object pronouns are words that stand alone as recipients of an action, in Arabic, they are suffixes added to the verb.
+*ضربته → I hit him (suffix: ـه (-u))
+*يشكروني  → They thank me (suffix: ني (-ni))
+* قلت لها → I told her (suffix: ـها (-ha))
 ===Relative Pronouns===

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 == Pronouns ==
-'''Relative Pronouns'''
+===Relative Pronouns===
 In English, these consist of pronouns such as "that", "which", "whom", "who", and act like adjectives by describing the noun they follow. In Arabic, when these refer to a direct object or an object affected by a preposition, a pronoun suffix is added.
@@ Line 41: / Line 40: @@
 * البنت التي كتبت لها→ The girl whom I wrote to (direct translation: The girl whom I wrote to her)
 * القط الذي رأيته→ The cat that I saw (direct translation: The cat that I saw it)
 == Sentence Structure ==

@@ Line 193: / Line 193: @@
 * تحتَ نورِ الشمسِ → under the sunlight
-. '''the second term of an iDafa'''
+. '''the second term of an iDafa (a way to express possession)'''
 *غرفة التجارةِ → the chamber of commerce