Darkgaia: English and Chinese Translation Rules (Advanced) - Revision history

Darkgaia: /* Object Reference vs People Reference (物称 vs 人称) */

2016-01-22T17:58:03Z

Object Reference vs People Reference (物称 vs 人称)

Darkgaia: /* Importance of Subjects */

2016-01-22T17:56:38Z

Importance of Subjects

Darkgaia: /* Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构 */

2016-01-22T17:53:22Z

Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构

Darkgaia: /* Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构 */

2016-01-22T17:50:12Z

Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构

Darkgaia at 17:49, 22 January 2016

2016-01-22T17:49:41Z

Darkgaia: /* Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构 */

2016-01-22T17:47:41Z

Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构

Darkgaia: /* Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构 */

2016-01-22T17:44:54Z

Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构

Darkgaia: /* Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构 */

2016-01-22T17:43:21Z

Sentence Structure 句型/句子结构

Darkgaia: /* Contrasting Grammar Rules (语序的对比) */

2016-01-22T17:42:41Z

Contrasting Grammar Rules (语序的对比)

Darkgaia at 17:33, 22 January 2016

2016-01-22T17:33:23Z

@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 == Object Reference vs People Reference (物称 vs 人称) ==
-(eng) Usually uses ''object reference'' → Uses objects, events, or abstract nouns as the subject (polite, professional) 常用“物称” → 用物体，事务或抽象的名词作为主语 【客气，专业】
+(eng) Usually uses ''object reference'' → Uses objects, events, or abstract nouns as the subject (polite, professional) (常用“物称” → 用物体，事务或抽象的名词作为主语 【客气，专业】)
-(zho) usually uses ''people reference'' → Uses people or nouns of living objects as the subject (interpersonal) 常用“人称” → 用人或有生命的名词作为主语 【亲切】
+(zho) usually uses ''people reference'' → Uses people or nouns of living objects as the subject (interpersonal) (常用“人称” → 用人或有生命的名词作为主语 【亲切】)
 (eng) Lifeless object or event reference + a person's actions being the verb (无生命的物体/事务名称【主】+人类行为的谓语动词【谓】)
@@ Line 126: / Line 126: @@
 (eng) Uses "zero subject" or "structured subject" (使用“零主语/形式主语”)
-(zho) When there is no person referenced, a dummy subject will replace the subject ("someone", "they", etc) （实在没有人称时，采用泛称【“有人”，“人们”，etc】）
+(zho) When there is no person referenced, a dummy subject will replace the subject ("someone", "they", etc) (实在没有人称时，采用泛称【“有人”，“人们”，etc】)
-* eng→zho translations must add an explicit ''person reference'' as the subject. （添加表示“人称”的主语）
+* eng→zho translations must add an explicit ''person reference'' as the subject. (添加表示“人称”的主语)
 (eng) Avoids using a ''person reference''/Avoids directly addressing the reader (避免人称的出现/避免称呼读者)

@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
 | Must have a subject, and the main verb is the focus of the sentence, the object will be acted upon by the verb || 主语不可少，谓语中的动词是句子中心，谓语中的宾语是目标/承受着 || What would be in the subject is the marked theme, which will be understood by the reader through context || 处在主语位置的词 → 话题，读者通过语境理解内容
 |-
-| 3 main syntax SVO (Must have Subject-Verb agreement)  || “三分结构”  主谓（动）宾 (必须有主谓一致） || Ever-changing sentence contruction || 灵活的句子结构
+| 3 main syntax SVO (Must have Subject-Verb agreement)  || “三分结构”  主谓（动）宾 (必须有主谓一致） || Flexible sentence contruction || 灵活的句子结构
 |}

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 These are Chinese sentences used to connect ideas in a Chinese paragraph. When translating into English, one must remember to observe the appropriate English sentence structure: The first clause followed by additional supplementary information. （译成英语时 → [主][谓]+名词短语/介词短语形式)
-'''''"Is" Sentences'''''  (“是”字句)
+'''''"Is" Sentences'''''  (“是”字句)→([主]“是”[???])
-The Chinese equivalent of "Is" is the word “是”. A translator must take note of the words before and after 是 in order to produce the correct equivalent logical translation in English.
+The Chinese equivalent of "Is" is the word “是”. A translator must take note of the words before and after 是 in order to produce the correct equivalent logical translation in English. (译成英语时：分折“是”连接的前后信息的逻辑关系)
 === Notes ===

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 * SVOC
-* SVOA (Adverbial [壮语]） 壮中结构
+* SVOA (Adverbial [壮语]) 壮中结构
 * SVA

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 Chinese sentences need not necessarily have a subject (the subject can be omitted, or defined implicitly according the context). However, English sentences usually do. The translator must remember to replace the appropriate subject (also known as a "dummy subject") into the English sentence after translation. (译成英语时必须实当补充主语 形式主语）
-'''''Connecting Sentences''''' （流水句）(意合句)
+'''''Connecting Sentences''''' (流水句)→(意合句)
-These are Chinese sentences used to connect ideas in a Chinese paragraph. When translating into English, one must remember to observe the appropriate English sentence structure: The first clause followed by additional supplementary information. （译成英语时
+These are Chinese sentences used to connect ideas in a Chinese paragraph. When translating into English, one must remember to observe the appropriate English sentence structure: The first clause followed by additional supplementary information. （译成英语时 → [主][谓]+名词短语/介词短语形式)
-'''''"Is" Sentences'''''  (“是”字句）
+'''''"Is" Sentences'''''  (“是”字句)
 The Chinese equivalent of "Is" is the word “是”. A translator must take note of the words before and after 是 in order to produce the correct equivalent logical translation in English.
@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 English → Chinese
-SVO[C] → [(话题），（说明）]
+SVO[C] → [(话题)，(说明)]
 (eng) Subjects are usually noun-based. （英文的主语一般必须有具有名词性质）

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 * 名词谓语句 (No verb, N + N)
-* 形容词谓语句 (主）（谓） (Theme and Rheme)
+* 形容词谓语句 (主)(谓) (Subject and Adjective)
 * 主谓谓语句 [（主）（    谓    ） ]

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 * SVOO (direct + indirect object)
-* SVC (linluing V / transitive V / verb to "be" + Complement)
+* SVC (linking V / transitive V / verb to "be" + Complement)
 * SVOC

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 | Object-fronting (宾语前置) || Usually only distanced from front (Object in front of subject)  || 一般只能远距离前置 （宾语在主语之前） || Can be distanced or close to front (Object in front of verb) || 可远/近距离前置（宾语在动词之前）
 |-
-| Adverbial/Complement (定语/状语) || Can add to the front or back (Adverbial can be very long) || 可前置/后置（定语很长） || Usually fronted || 一律/通常前置
+| Complement/Adverbial (定语/状语) || Can add to the front or back (Complement can be very long) || 可前置/后置（定语很长） || Usually fronted || 一律/通常前置
 |-
 | Time (时间) || Not strict about chronological order of sentence structure  || 不需严格按时间颇序安排句子 || Based on chronological order to structure sentences || 根据时间顺序安排句子

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 By Darkgaia, GCI2015-2016, original material in Chinese, manually translated into English.
-Hello there. You may have been linked here from my previous page: [[Translation Rules and Difficulties (English & Chinese)]], which documents the difficulties and common pitfalls translators have when doing translations in the English-Chinese language pair. This page is an advanced guide to the contrasting grammar of English and Chinese, detailing salient linguistic differences between the two languages, focusing on syntax. The original material that this page is based on was from a close friend of mine, who specializes in the translation of the English-Chinese pair. However, the source material is in Chinese, thus I have taken the pains to translate them into English for readers of this page, and I have also left the original source Chinese text here for authenticity. If you are a prospective English-Chinese language pair developer and are extremely fluent with the linguistics of both languages, please do peruse the Chinese texts on this page -- I cannot fully guarantee the accuracy of my English translation as I am not an expert in the field, and may not be familiar with the technical jargon and details that were originally in Chinese.
+Hello there. You may have been linked here from my previous page: [[Translation Rules and Difficulties (English & Chinese)]], which documents the difficulties and common pitfalls translators experience when doing translations in the English-Chinese language pair. This page is an advanced guide to the contrasting grammar of English and Chinese, detailing salient linguistic differences between the two languages, focusing on syntax. The original material that this page is based on was from a close friend of mine, who specializes in the translation of the English-Chinese pair. However, the source material is in Chinese, thus I have taken the pains to translate them into English for readers of this page, and I have also left the original source Chinese text here for authenticity. If you are a prospective English-Chinese language pair developer and are extremely fluent with the linguistics of both languages, please do peruse the Chinese texts on this page -- I cannot fully guarantee the accuracy of my English translation as I am not an expert in the field, and may not be familiar with the technical jargon and details that were originally in Chinese.
 = English and Chinese Translation Rules =