Conjoined lexical units - Revision history

Unhammer at 08:31, 6 April 2021

2021-04-06T08:31:09Z

Unhammer at 08:29, 6 April 2021

2021-04-06T08:29:43Z

Unhammer at 08:10, 6 April 2021

2021-04-06T08:10:56Z

Unhammer: /* See Also */

2021-04-06T08:00:14Z

Unhammer: notes

2021-04-06T07:53:13Z

notes

Popcorndude: add Chukchi

2021-04-05T22:53:57Z

add Chukchi

Popcorndude: Created page with "A single surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with `+`. An example of where this might be usef..."

2021-04-05T19:56:42Z

Created page with "A single surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>. An example of where this might be usef..."

New page

A single surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>.

An example of where this might be useful is English plurals and possessives:

^dog/dog<n><sg>$
^dogs/dog<n><pl>$
^dog's/dog<n><sg>+'s<gen>$
^dogs'/dog<n><pl>+'s<gen>$

In monodix this is written with <code><j/></code>

<pre>
<pardef n="dog__n">
<e> <l></l> <r><s n="n"/><s n="sg"/></r> </e>
<e> <l>s</l> <r><s n="n"/><s n="pl"/></r> </e>
<e> <l>'s</l> <r><s n="n"/><s n="sg"/><j/>'s<s n="gen"/></r> </e>
<e> <l>s'</l> <r><s n="n"/><s n="pl"/><j/>'s<s n="gen"/></r> </e>
</pardef>

<e lm="dog">dog<par n="dog__n"/></e>
</pre>

In lexc this is written with <code>%+</code>

<pre>
LEXICON NounInfl
%<n%>%<sg%>: # ;
%<n%>%<pl%>:s # ;
%<n%>%<sg%>%+'s%<gen%>:'s # ;
%<n%>%<pl%>%+'s%<gen%>:s' # ;

LEXICON NounRoot
dog:dog NounInfl ;
</pre>

In lexd this is written with <code>+</code>

<pre>
LEXICON NounNumPos
<sg>:
<pl>:s
<sg>+'s<gen>:'s
<pl>+'s<gen>:s'

LEXICON NounRoot
dog:dog

PATTERNS
NounRoot NounNumPos
</pre>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 A single reading of a surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>.
-<small>Note: In the analyser, the conjoined whole is considered one lexical unit, while during transfer they are considered separate. </small>
+In the analyser, the conjoined whole is considered one lexical unit (all of it is within the same <code>^…$</code> in the output of the analyser), while during transfer they are considered separate (a single <code>+</code> will give two <code>^…$ ^…$</code>).
 <small>Note also: This is not the same as ambiguity – one surface form can have several readings, and each reading may be a simple or conjoined lexical unit.</small>

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 <small>Note also: This is not the same as ambiguity – one surface form can have several readings, and each reading may be a simple or conjoined lexical unit.</small>
-For some phenomena, the join is explicitly marked in the dictionary. An example would be Catalan determiners, where a surface form like <i>pel</i> has a reading analysed as <code>per&lt;pr&gt; + el&gt;det&lt;</code>.
+For some phenomena, the join is explicitly marked in the dictionary. An example would be Catalan determiners, where a surface form like <i>pel</i> has a reading analysed as <code>per&lt;pr&gt; + el&lt;det&gt;</code> – this is represented just like the below "English Possessives" example. But <code>+</code> is also used for dynamic compound analysis in [[lttoolbox]], where a full path in the dictionary can be marked with a hidden tag saying "I can be a non-final compound part" or "I can be a final compound part", but the full path of the final analysis is not in the dictionary, e.g. if <i>vier</i> and <i>letter</i> have analyses in the dictionary that give the non-final hidden tag, and <i>woorden</i> with the final tag, then <i>vierletterwoorden</i> will be analysed as a compound of conjoined lexical units. See [[Compounds]] for more information on this.
 == Minimal Example: English Possessives ==
-An example of where this might be useful is English plurals and possessives:
+An example of where conjoined lexical units might be useful is English plurals and possessives:
  ^dog/dog<n><sg>$

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 <small>Note also: This is not the same as ambiguity – one surface form can have several readings, and each reading may be a simple or conjoined lexical unit.</small>
+For some phenomena, the join is explicitly marked in the dictionary. An example would be Catalan determiners, where a surface form like <i>pel</i> has a reading analysed as <code>per&lt;pr&gt; + el&gt;det&lt;</code>.
 == Minimal Example: English Possessives ==

@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 == See Also ==
+* [[Compounds]]
-[[Apertium stream format]]
+* [[Apertium stream format]]
 [[Category:Documentation in English]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-A single surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>.
+A single reading of a surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>.
+<small>Note: In the analyser, the conjoined whole is considered one lexical unit, while during transfer they are considered separate. </small>
+<small>Note also: This is not the same as ambiguity – one surface form can have several readings, and each reading may be a simple or conjoined lexical unit.</small>
 == Minimal Example: English Possessives ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 A single surface form can correspond to multiple lexical units. When this happens, the lexical units are connected with <code>+</code>.
+== Minimal Example: English Possessives ==
 An example of where this might be useful is English plurals and possessives:
@@ Line 49: / Line 51: @@
 NounRoot NounNumPos
 </pre>
+== More Involved Example: Chukchi Incorporation ==
+Chukchi can incorporate nouns into verbs. A simplified example is given below:
+<pre>
+LEXICON VerbRoot
+амэчатык:амэчат
+анӈатык:анӈат
+LEXICON NounRoot
+варат
+ватап
+PATTERN VerbStem
+VerbRoot
+NounRoot [<n><incorp>+:>{ы}] VerbRoot
+PATTERNS
+VerbStem [<v>:]
+</pre>
+This generates the forms
+<pre>
+^амэчат/амэчатык<v>$
+^анӈат/анӈатык<v>$
+^варат>{ы}амэчат/варат<n><incorp>+амэчатык<v>$
+^варат>{ы}анӈат/варат<n><incorp>+анӈатык<v>$
+^ватап>{ы}амэчат/ватап<n><incorp>+амэчатык<v>$
+^ватап>{ы}анӈат/ватап<n><incorp>+анӈатык<v>$
+</pre>
+Equivalent lexc:
+<pre>
+LEXICON Root
+NounIncorp ;
+VerbRoot ;
+LEXICON NounIncorp
+варат:варат NounIncorpInfl ;
+ватап:ватап NounIncorpInfl ;
+LEXICON NounIncorpInfl
+%<n%>%<incorp%>%+:%>%{ы%} VerbRoot ;
+LEXICON VerbRoot
+амэчатык:амэчат VerbInfl ;
+анӈатык:анӈат VerbInfl ;
+LEXICON VerbInfl
+%<v%>: # ;
+</pre>
+Roughly equivalent monodix (replacing <code>&gt;{ы}</code> with <code>ы</code> since these are for composing with [[Twol]])
+<pre>
+<pardef n="noun_root">
+  <e><i>варат</i></e>
+  <e><i>ватап</i></e>
+</pardef>
+<pardef n="verb_root">
+  <e><p> <l>амэчат</l> <r>амэчатык</r> </p></e>
+  <e><p> <l>анӈат</l>  <r>анӈатык</r>  </p></e>
+</pardef>
+<pardef n="verb_infl">
+  <e><p> <l></l> <r><s n="v"/></r> </p></e>
+</pardef>
+<pardef n="noun_incorp_infl">
+  <e><p> <l>ы</l> <r><s n="n"/><s n="incorp"/><j/></r> </p></e>
+</pardef>
+<e> <par n="verb_root"/> <par n="verb_infl"/> </e>
+<e> <par n="noun_root"/> <par n="incorp_infl"/> <par n="verb_root"/> <par n="verb_infl"/> </e>
+</pre>
+== See Also ==
+[[Apertium stream format]]
+[[Category:Documentation in English]]