Курсы машинного перевода для языков России/Session 5 - Revision history

Trondtr: moved Машинный перевод для языков России/Session 5 to Курсы машинного перевода для языков России/Session 5: ... to get a better structure.

2012-01-31T12:00:28Z

moved Машинный перевод для языков России/Session 5 to Курсы машинного перевода для языков России/Session 5: ... to get a better structure.

Francis Tyers: /* Example output */

2012-01-09T14:45:03Z

Example output

Firespeaker: /* Morphological contrasts */

2012-01-09T02:14:02Z

Morphological contrasts

Francis Tyers: /* Basic operations */

2012-01-08T14:44:40Z

Basic operations

Francis Tyers: /* Practice */

2012-01-08T14:42:15Z

Practice

Show changes

Francis Tyers: /* Basic operations */

2011-12-30T15:43:13Z

Basic operations

Hectoralos: /* Morphological contrasts */ dual in mansi

2011-12-30T15:37:48Z

Morphological contrasts: dual in mansi

Francis Tyers: /* Basic operations */

2011-12-30T12:40:22Z

Basic operations

Francis Tyers: /* Default parts */

2011-12-30T12:38:36Z

Default parts

Francis Tyers: /* Morphological contrasts */

2011-12-30T12:16:42Z

Morphological contrasts

@@ Line 267: / Line 267: @@
 ^ан<adv>$ ^ҫи<v><tv><imp><p2><sg>$^!<sent>$
 </pre>
 ===Describe a new transfer rule===

@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 * Kazakh has no grammatical gender where Russian has three (masculine, feminine and neuter). Gender in Russian plays a rôle in agreement within noun phrases.
-** ''Жаңы әуежай''{{slc|kk}} → ''Новый аэропорт''{{slc|ru}}
+** ''Жаңа әуежай''{{slc|kk}} → ''Новый аэропорт''{{slc|ru}}
 * Russian has two numbers (singular and plural), where Mansi has three (singular, dual and plural).
 ** ''Я читаю эту книгу''{{slc|ru}} → ''Ам ти книга ловиньтилум''{{slc|mns}}

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 ;A) Insertion
-Insertion is the operation of adding a new tag or word, for example to translate a noun from Dungan to Russian, a tag denoting case (nominative, accusative, ...) would need to be inserted, as Dungan does not have this morphological feature. Many times translation also requires the insertion of a word. For example when translating the imperative from Turkish to Chuvash, the adverb ''ан'' needs to be added to the beginning: ''xxx!'' → ''Ан çи!''.
+Insertion is the operation of adding a new tag or word, for example to translate a noun from Dungan to Russian, a tag denoting case (nominative, accusative, ...) would need to be inserted, as Dungan does not have this morphological feature. Many times translation also requires the insertion of a word. For example when translating the imperative from Turkish to Chuvash, the adverb ''ан'' needs to be added to the beginning: ''Yeme!'' → ''Ан çи!''.
 ;B) Deletion

@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 ;A) Insertion
-Insertion is the operation of adding a new tag or word, for example to translate a noun from Dungan to Russian, a tag denoting case (nominative, accusative, ...) would need to be inserted, as Dungan does not have this morphological feature. Many times translation also requires the insertion of a word. For example when translating the imperative from Turkish to Chuvash, the adverb ''ан'' needs to be added to the beginning: ''xxx'' → ''Ан çи! ''.)
+Insertion is the operation of adding a new tag or word, for example to translate a noun from Dungan to Russian, a tag denoting case (nominative, accusative, ...) would need to be inserted, as Dungan does not have this morphological feature. Many times translation also requires the insertion of a word. For example when translating the imperative from Turkish to Chuvash, the adverb ''ан'' needs to be added to the beginning: ''xxx!'' → ''Ан çи!''.
 ;B) Deletion
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ;C) Substitution
-Substitution is replacing one tag with another tag, such as for example changing the gender of a word. This is often done in the transfer lexicon, as we saw in the last session, but it can also take place in transfer. For example if you are translating from Spanish to French, ''Las estudiantes guapas'', the word ''estudiante'' would be marked with a special tag <code>GD</code> (gender to be determined) in the transfer lexicon, and then the transfer rules would substitute this with the gender of the adjective or determiner.
+Substitution is replacing one tag with another tag, such as for example changing the gender of a word. This is often done in the transfer lexicon, as we saw in the last session, but it can also take place in transfer. For example if you are translating from Russian to Bashkir, ''мои брюки'', the word ''брюки'' would be marked with a special tag <code>ND</code> (number to be determined) in the transfer lexicon, and then the transfer rules would substitute this with the appropriate number.
 ;D) Reordering

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 * Kazakh has no grammatical gender where Russian has three (masculine, feminine and neuter). Gender in Russian plays a rôle in agreement within noun phrases.
 ** ''Жаңы әуежай''{{slc|kk}} → ''Новый аэропорт''{{slc|ru}}
-* Russian has two numbers (singular and plural), where Slovenian has three (singular, dual and plural). Number plays a rôle in agreement within noun phrases.
+* Russian has two numbers (singular and plural), where Mansi has three (singular, dual and plural).
-** ''Два волка''{{slc|ru}} → ''Dva volkova''{{slc|sl}}
+** ''Я читаю эту книгу''{{slc|ru}} → ''Ам ти книга ловиньтилум''{{slc|mns}}
+** ''Я читаю эти две книги''{{slc|ru}} → ''Ам ти книгаг ловиньтиягум''{{slc|mns}}
+** ''Я читаю эти книги''{{slc|ru}} → ''Ам ти книгат ловиньтиянум''{{slc|mns}}
 * Hungarian has a large number of cases which don't exist in Finnish (for example the temporal case ''-kor'', which can be translated into Finnish by the ablative, adessive, or essive). Case in Hungarian and Finnish does not play a rôle in noun-phrase agreement.
 ** ''Ötkor''{{slc|hu}} → ''Viideltä''{{slc|fi}} <!-- "at five", Abl -->

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:00, 31 January 2012
(No difference)

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ;E) Combining operations
-A lot of the time, a combination of these operations is required to make a transfer rule, for example when translating from languages with postfixed articles into language with free-standing articles, such as Romanian, Bulgarian, Danish or Swedish to German or French, two operations are required, first the word for article needs to be introduced before the noun, and secondly the feature denoting definiteness on the noun needs to be removed.
+A lot of the time, a combination of these operations is required to make a transfer rule, for example when translating from language with a case for a given meaning into a language with a preposition and a case for the same meaning, two operations are required, first the word for preposition needs to be inserted before the noun, and secondly the feature denoting case on the noun needs to be changed.
 ===Left-to-right longest match (LRLM)===

@@ Line 107: / Line 107: @@
 In addition to the parts that are defined in <code>section-def-attrs</code>, the transfer module predefines a number of default parts of each lexical unit.
-To more easily demonstrate the default parts that are available, we'll take an example we've already seen:
+To more easily demonstrate the default parts that are available, we'll use the follow example:
 <pre>
-^transducteur# à états finis<n><m><pl>$
+^правило# по безопасности<n><nt><nn><pl>$
 </pre>
 * <code>whole</code>: as the name suggests, this provides the whole content of the lexical unit.
-* <code>lem</code>: the lemma: in this case, <tt>transducteur# à états finis</tt>
+* <code>lem</code>: the lemma: in this case, <tt>правило# по безопасности</tt>
-* <code>tags</code>: all of the tags, in one unit: <tt><nowiki><n><m><pl></nowiki></tt>
+* <code>tags</code>: all of the tags, in one unit: <tt><nowiki><n><nt><nn><pl></nowiki></tt>
-* <code>lemh</code>: the lemma ''head''; the part of the multiword which inflects: <tt>transducteur</tt>
+* <code>lemh</code>: the lemma ''head''; the part of the multiword which inflects: <tt>правило</tt>
-* <code>lemq</code>: the lemma ''queue''; the rest of a multiword (the <code><nowiki><g></g></nowiki></code> part in the dictionaries): <tt># à états finis</tt>
+* <code>lemq</code>: the lemma ''queue''; the rest of a multiword (the <code><nowiki><g></g></nowiki></code> part in the dictionaries): <tt># по безопасности</tt>
 ==Practice==