https://wiki.apertium.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=SIHalev&feedformat=atomApertium - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T10:03:41ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.34.1https://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23579Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:31:10Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create catalog resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use Google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines like:<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention to language nuances.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look in dictionary.<br />
** You can buy a dictionary, they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different place.<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23578Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:30:32Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention to language nuances.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look in dictionary.<br />
** You can buy a dictionary, they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different place.<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23577Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:29:30Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention to language nuances.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look in dictionary.<br />
** You can buy a dictionary, they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different place.<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23576Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:27:30Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention to language nuances.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look in dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23575Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:25:54Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention to language nuances.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23574Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:22:13Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create catalog resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23573Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:19:13Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create catalog resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine]]<br />
<br />
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23572Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:17:13Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create catalog resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [[Web_search_engine|here]]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23571Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:13:46Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. A translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine|here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23570Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:11:54Z<p>SIHalev: /* About This Tutorial */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to create contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine|here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23569Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:11:25Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine|here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow these tips. <br />
* If you don't sure about something ask native speaker or, if it's possible, a specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23568Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:09:24Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine|here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time = better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23567Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T20:08:44Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create catalog resources */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
Your job is to catalogue all the available linguistic resources.<br />
<br />
;Lingistic resouces.<br />
<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* grammatical descriptions.<br />
* wordlists.<br />
* dictionaries.<br />
* spellcheckers.<br />
* papers.<br />
* corpora.<br />
* and more ...<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* Use google of course.<br />
* And anouther search engines.<br />
** ScienceDirect.<br />
** JSTOR.<br />
** Duck Duck Go.<br />
<br />
You can see all search engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine|here]<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23566Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:53:42Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian&rarr;Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23565Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:52:56Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian &rarr Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23564Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:51:28Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian|Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23563Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:50:45Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br /><br />
<br />
Bulgarian::Russian<br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23562Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:49:26Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
<br />
XML markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre> <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
Examples: <br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki> <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23561Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:47:52Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
;Where and how to write the words ?<br />
* Ask your mentor about that, but you can do it in XML and send them file.<br />
Example: <br /><br />
<br />
<pre>* <e><p><l>First language<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf/imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>Seccond language<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </pre><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* <e><p><l>обяснява<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>обяснять<s n="vblex"/><s n="imperf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* <e><p><l>напише<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/><s n="tv"/></l><r>написать<s n="vblex"/><s n="perf"/></r></p></e> </nowiki><br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23560Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T19:38:51Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it ?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23557Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T18:28:04Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
* It is a good idea to have friends that speak that language.<br />
** You can ask him some words or to check your that you had written before.<br />
* Look for dictionary<br />
** You can buy dictionary they are not very expansive.<br />
** You can search for free dictionary in the web.<br />
** It's a good idea to do the both.<br />
* If something is wrote somewhere check it in different source/location<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23556Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T18:15:18Z<p>SIHalev: /* Convert dictionaries */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
Your job is to translate words. <br /><br />
If you translate verbs, look in what tense you must translate them:<br />
*perf = perfective.<br />
*imperf = imperfective.<br />
<br />
;How to do it ?<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23555Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:49:46Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
Your job is to translate text to another language.<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23554Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:48:27Z<p>SIHalev: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23553Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:47:42Z<p>SIHalev: /* Other */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
;Other ways to help.<br />
* If you find mistakes in translation or pending test.<br />
** Inform the mentors.<br />
** Correct them.<br />
*Ask mentors is there another way to help .</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23552Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:42:11Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23551Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:41:54Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br /><br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23550Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:41:34Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br /><br />
; Pay attention!<br />
* Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
* Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23549Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:41:03Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br /><br />
<br />
;Follow this tips. <br />
* If you don't sure for something ask native speaker or if it possible specialist.<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
** Follow the meaning not he words.<br />
* This is write translation:<br />
** There is no need to hurry.<br />
** More time == better translation. <br />
* You must pay attention on language nuances<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Follow the original style:<br />
** If the text style is wordy,colloquial,funny... Follow it.<br />
** Pay attention to the punctuation marks and what is text for.<br />
<br /><br />
; Pay attention!<br />
: * Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
: * Don't take translation task if you know that you can't do it!<br />
: * Don't take translation task if you don't have the time to do it!<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23548Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T17:15:21Z<p>SIHalev: /* Create translation */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
To create translation the language must be native to you or you are very good at it.<br />
<br />
* You must not change the meaning what you translating.<br />
* You must pay attention to the tenses.<br />
* Pay attention to the punctuation marks.<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
*Don't make translation if you don't know the language!<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23547Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T16:51:52Z<p>SIHalev: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
<br />
This is quite an easy task if you know both languages. However, if you only know one language well, concentrate on translating '''to''' that language. We can always find help with the other direction later, and it helps to know ''what'' we need to find help with.<br />
<br />
That said, if you know people who can help, ask them to help you!<br />
<br />
Some tips:<br />
<br />
#Ask your friends if they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they do, ask them to help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one person who speaks the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** If friend is busy, queue your questions and write them later. <br />
#Get a textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look on the Internet for textbooks.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.<br />
<br />
===Create catalog resources===<br />
<br />
===Convert dictionaries===<br />
<br />
===Create translation===<br />
<br />
===Other===</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23544Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T16:37:45Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basics===<br />
<br />
When in doubt, ask!<br />
<br />
If you are participating as part of a programme such as Google Summer of Code, or Google Code-In, ask your mentor. Otherwise, ask for help on the [[IRC]] channel, or on the [[mailing list]]. Use the talk pages on the wiki -- leave your questions there, so you don't need to remember them later!<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An translation in a third language may be useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|Other translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
<nowiki>* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}</nowiki><br />
<br />
The following is a suggested list of features to provide coverage for. All language pairs have slightly different needs, but this list should provide a good general guideline.<br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br />
You can find some examples here: [[Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Russian]], [[Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests|Bulgarian and Greek]].<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know.<br />
#* If they know it, ask them would they help you.<br />
#* If you know more than one people who speak the language, you will finish the job faster and better<br />
#** There is possibility that your friend is busy and it is good idea when he is not to ask him/her more things and write them latter. <br />
#Get textbook for the language that you don't know.<br />
#* For some languages this is not a good idea.<br />
#** They are hard to find.<br />
#** They are expensive.<br />
#* Look in the Internet for textbook.<br />
#** There are many textbooks and it is a good idea to see more than one.</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23536Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T16:26:38Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basic===<br />
<br />
Ask your mentor <br /><br />
* If you don't know something<br />
* If you want to do better job<br />
* Show your work often or it is possible to tell you: "This is not what i want you to do"<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An English translation may e useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know.<br />
* If they know it, ask them would they help you.<br />
* If you know more than one people who speak the language, you will finish the job faster and better</div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23535Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:55:48Z<p>SIHalev: /* Basic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basic===<br />
<br />
Ask your mentor <br /><br />
* If you don't know something<br />
* If you want to do better job<br />
* Show your work often or it is possible to tell you: "This is not what i want you to do"<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An English translation may e useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23534Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:51:51Z<p>SIHalev: /* Basic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basic===<br />
<br />
Ask your mentor <br /><br />
* If you don't know something<br />
* If you want to do better job<br />
* Show your work often or it is possible to tell you: "this is not what i want you to do"<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An English translation may e useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23533Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:50:44Z<p>SIHalev: /* Basic */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basic===<br />
<br />
Ask your mentor <br /><br />
* If you don't know something<br />
* If you want to do better job<br />
* Show your work often or it is possible to tell you: "this is not what i want"<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An English translation may e useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23532Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:39:31Z<p>SIHalev: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Basic===<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
A 'contrastive analysis' is a set of example sentences which show the differences and similarities between a pair of languages. In a sense, it's a 'feature corpus' which we can use to develop and test rule hypotheses: if we see that the pattern ''noun + adjective'' becomes ''adjective + noun'', then we have a good basis for building a rule. Think of it as 'raw input to a linguist': when we have a good enough idea of what a pair of languages look like, we later use these analyses to build translation rules.<br />
<br />
One thing to note is that, when we see that something happens 9/10 times, or 8/10 times, etc., then we need to expand that exceptional part of the analysis, to get a better idea of what's happening: is it a certain class of words, or just a pure exception?<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
<br />
Your task is to make a set of test sentences in the first language, and translate them to the other. An English translation may e useful in enlisting help, but is not required.<br />
<br />
A sample sentence in wiki markup looks like this:<br />
<br />
<pre>* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}</pre><br />
<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23530Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:25:31Z<p>SIHalev: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{TOCD}}<br />
<br />
Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23529Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:22:31Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /><br />
<br />
#Ask your friends did they know the language you don't know. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23528Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:14:52Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here: <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23527Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:11:14Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you or you must know it very well. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23526Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T15:10:56Z<p>SIHalev: /* How can you do it? */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
One of the languages must be native to you. <br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23525Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:54:53Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23524Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:52:34Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23523Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:50:26Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests]] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23522Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:49:50Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests]] <br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23521Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:47:37Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[1] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[[http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests]] <br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23520Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:44:20Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[1] <br /><br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[2] <br /><br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests <br /><br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests <br /><br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23519Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:43:51Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here <br />
For Bulgarian and Russian.[1]<br />
For Bulgarian and Greek.[2]<br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests<br />
2. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Greek/Pending_tests<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalevhttps://wiki.apertium.org/w/index.php?title=Indirect_contribution_guide&diff=23518Indirect contribution guide2011-01-02T14:42:34Z<p>SIHalev: /* What you must do. */</p>
<hr />
<div>Many people come to us with a question like "I'm not a programmer/linguist/whatever. Is there any way I can contribute?". This document is intended to show how you can make an "indirect" contribution, by documenting language resources, helping us to build bilingual test sets, translating, promoting, etc.<br />
<br />
===About This Tutorial===<br />
<br />
This tutorial will teach you:<br />
<br />
* How to creating contrastive analyses.<br />
* How to catalog resources.<br />
* How to convert dictionaries.<br />
* How to translate.<br />
* How to help "Apertium" in other ways .<br />
<br />
===Create contrastive analyses===<br />
<br />
====What you must do.====<br />
The contrastive analyses is most difficult work about translating in "Apertium".<br /><br />
Contrastive analyses is difference between two languages.<br /><br />
Your task is to make sentences in the first language and translating to the other.<br /><br />
You must also give English translation.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
You must put it like:<br /><br />
* {{test|First language abbreviation|First language.|Second language.|English translation.}}<br />
Examples:<br /><br />
* {{test|ru|Чашка большая.|Чашата е голямата.|The cup is big.}}<br />
* {{test|el|Τι γίνεσαι?|как си?|How are you?}}<br />
* {{test|bg|Вера се оглежда в огледалото.|Вера смотрит на себя в зеркало.|Vera is looking at herself in the mirror.}}<br />
<br />
You must translate:<br /><br />
<br />
# Simple syntax<br />
#* Copula<br />
#* Reported speech<br />
#* Clitic placement<br />
# Pronouns<br />
#* Personal<br />
#* Demonstrative<br />
#* Relative<br />
#* Possesive<br />
#* Reflexive<br />
#* Interrogative<br />
# Nouns<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indefinite and definite forms<br />
#* 1 Noun phrases<br />
#* Indefinite (a, some)<br />
#* Definite (the)<br />
#* Demonstrative (this, that)<br />
#* Quantified (a few, no, all)<br />
# Numerals<br />
#* Cardinal<br />
#* Ordinal<br />
# Adjective<br />
#* Comparative<br />
#* Superlative<br />
# Adverbs<br />
# Verbs<br />
#* To be<br />
#* General<br />
#* Indicative mood<br />
#** Present tense<br />
#** Imperfect tense<br />
#** Aorist tense<br />
#** Perfect tense<br />
#** Pluperfect tense<br />
#** Future tense<br />
#* Conditional mood<br />
#* Imperative mood<br />
# Questions<br />
<br />
If you want you can also add <br />
# Interjections<br />
# Punctuation marks<br />
<br /><br />
You can find an example here for Bulgarian and Russian.[1]<br />
<br />
1. http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Bulgarian_and_Russian/Pending_tests<br />
<br />
====How can you do it?====<br />
It is only easy if you only know the both languages. <br /><br />
If you don't know them it is good idea to read this. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
I will give you some tips, that you can help you with your work. <br /></div>SIHalev