Morphology of Turkish

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Morphophonology

The behaviour of {y}

There is need for a {y} "archiphoneme" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate, since by our guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).

Examples of {y}
example After a vowel After a consonant
{y}l{A} anneyle, babayla gözle, saçla
{y}{A}c{A}{K} izleyecek, okuyacak gelecek, olacak

Devoicing

category alternating voiceless voiced
voiced before %>: :Vow never always
voiceless syllable-finally always never
examples kitap/kitabı
yurt/yurdu
güç/gücü
köpek/köpeği

et/ediyor
çöp/çöpü
at/atı
iç/içi
halk/halkı
yap/yapiyor
bit/bitiyor
iç/içiyor
bak/bakiyor
leb/lebi
ad/adı
hac/hacı
(dağ/dağı)
nouns verbs nouns verbs nouns verbs
p/b kitap
cevap
çöp yap
öp
leb
t/d yurt et
git
güt
devlet
at
tut
bit
eğit
at
ad
ç/c güç
ağaç
amaç
haç

suç

seç
kaç

geç
biç

ölç
saç
hac
kırbac
k/ğ kulak
köpek
halk
mülk
kök
gök
bak
yak
yık
(dağ) (yağ)
(yığ)
(doğ)

Morphology

Non-finite verb forms
verbal noun verbal adjective verbal adverb participle
-m{I}ş yes yes
-m{I}ş ol-
-m{A}{K} yes yes yes
-m{A}{K} iste-
-m{A} yes no
(cf. yazma sınav)
-{y}{A}c{A}{K} yes yes
<px*>!
-{D}{I}{K} yes¹,² yes
<px*>!
-{y}{A}r{A}{K} yes
-{i}p yes