Difference between revisions of "Morphology of Turkish"

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(start of non-finite verb table)
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== Morphophonology ==
 
== Morphophonology ==
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=== The problem of {y} ===
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There is need for two {y} "archiphonemes" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate for both, since by our own guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).
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{|class="wikitable"
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|+The two {y}s
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|-
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! !! example !! After a vowel !! After a consonant
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|-
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! {y1} !! {y}l{A}
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| anne'''y'''le, baba'''y'''la || gözle, saçla
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|-
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! {y2} !! {y}{A}c{A}{K}
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| izle'''y'''ecek, oku'''y'''acak || gelecek, olacak
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|}
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=== Devoicing ===
 
=== Devoicing ===
   
{|class=wikitable
+
{|class="wikitable"
 
|-
 
|-
 
| category
 
| category

Revision as of 03:30, 3 June 2013

Morphophonology

The problem of {y}

There is need for two {y} "archiphonemes" in the morphophonology. Lowercase {y} is appropriate for both, since by our own guidelines, uppercase characters are used for letters which primarily change forms (and may occasionally delete), whereas lowercase characters are used for letters which primarily delete/appear (and may change form when they appear).

The two {y}s
example After a vowel After a consonant
{y1} {y}l{A} anneyle, babayla gözle, saçla
{y2} {y}{A}c{A}{K} izleyecek, okuyacak gelecek, olacak

Devoicing

category alternating voiceless voiced
voiced before %>: :Vow never always
voiceless syllable-finally always never
examples kitap/kitabı
yurt/yurdu
güç/gücü
köpek/köpeği

et/ediyor
çöp/çöpü
at/atı
iç/içi
halk/halkı
yap/yapiyor
bit/bitiyor
iç/içiyor
bak/bakiyor
leb/lebi
ad/adı
hac/hacı
(dağ/dağı)
nouns verbs nouns verbs nouns verbs
p/b kitap
cevap
çöp yap
öp
leb
t/d yurt et
git
güt
devlet
at
tut
bit
eğit
at
ad
ç/c güç
ağaç
amaç
haç

suç

seç
kaç

geç
biç

ölç
saç
hac
kırbac
k/ğ kulak
köpek
halk
mülk
kök
gök
bak
yak
yık
(dağ) (yağ)
(yığ)
(doğ)

Morphology

Non-finite verb forms
verbal noun verbal adjective verbal adverb participle
-m{I}ş yes yes
-m{I}ş ol-
-m{A}{K} yes yes yes
-m{A}{K} iste-
-m{A} yes no
(cf. yazma sınav)
-{y}{A}c{A}{K} yes yes
<px*>!
-{D}{I}{K} yes¹,² yes
<px*>!
-{y}{A}r{A}{K} yes
-{i}p yes