Iranian Persian and Tajik/Verb moods and aspects

This article is about verbs and their moods and aspects in Persian.

Tenses

Each verb has two roots(Present and Past)

Present

Verb stem in Present tense can be counted impretive in singular form like:(rov, gu, ...)

Present verb is made like the following:

• stem + conjucation(am,i,-,im,id,and)
• mi+stem+conjucation

1. Subjunctive present:This form of verb is in the form that makes the verb dubious or conditional:(This aspect is called "eltezami" in Persian meaning "getting required")

beravam ya naravam(expresses a doubt: "Don't know wether to go")

khahi nashavi(conditional: "if you don't want to become")

in Apertium: '

• This mood usually gets "be" or "na" behind itself

1. indicative present:The second form has another aspect. it is indicative(in Persian "ekhbari" and meaning "giving news)

s tag in dictionaries Apertium: ind

Past

Past tense can have 5 common and formal moods and for more ones see wikipedia

• Present indicative: stem + conjucation (in Persian: Saadeh) - in Apertium::-

This is the present form of the second kind of present

• Imperfective preterite indicative: mi+stem+conjucation (in Persian: Estemrari) - in Apertium::-

e.g. : miraft : it was going

• perfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+astan(after conjucating) (in Persian: Naqli : en:quoting) - in Apertium::-
  • This is usuallly used when you quote sth from sb or you want to explain sth has been done. It is usually translated to present perfect or simple past in English.

• Pluperfect Indicative: stem+'eh'+bud+conjucation (in Persian: ba'id meaning so far) - in Apertium::-
  • This describes things have been done farther in past tense. it is farther than the last item in the tense. in English it is usually past perfect. It can be the past form for the first preset tense i've described above in Persian esp. in conditional sentences.

• Preterite Subjunctive(fa:Eltezami): stem+'eh'+bash+conjucation - in Apertium::-
  • used when you want to describe a probable or dubious or conditional situaion
    • eg. rafteh bashad ya nabashad (either has has gone or he hasn't)
    • eg. agar rafteh bashad ( if he has gone)
    • eg. ager rafteh bashi ( if you have already gone)

Conjucation of all Persian verbs by grammatical voice

Conjugations

Example verb conjugations for third-person singular form of khordæn "to eat".

Synthetic

Active Voice
Mood	Tense	Transliteration	Perso-Arabic	Apertium
Indicative	Present	mikhoræd	می‌خورد	vblex.pri
Indicative	Preterite	khord	خورد	vblex.past
Indicative	Imperfective preterite	mikhord	می‌خورد	vblex.pii
Indicative	Perfect	khordeæst	خورده‌است	vblex.perf
Indicative	Imperfective perfect	mikhordeæst	می‌خورده‌است	vblex.pfi
Subjunctive	Present	bekhoræd	بخورد	vblex.prs

Analytic

Active Voice
Mood	Tense	Transliteration	Perso-Arabic	Apertium
Indicative	Pluperfect	khorde bud	خورده بود	vblex.plu
Indicative	Imperfective pluperfect	mikhorde bud	می‌خورده بود
Indicative	Future	khāhæd khord	خواهد خورد	vblex.fti
Indicative	Present progressive	dāræd mikhoræd	دارد می‌خورد
Indicative	Preterite progressive	dāsht mikhord	داشت می‌خورد
Subjunctive	Preterite	khorde bāshæd	خورده باشد
Subjunctive	Imperfective preterite	mikhorde bāshæd	می‌خورده باشد	vblex.pis
Subjunctive	Pluperfect	khorde bude bāshæd	خورده بوده باشد
Subjunctive	Imperfective pluperfect	mikhorde bude bāshæd	می‌خورده بوده باشد