Difference between revisions of "Balto-Slavic languages"

From Apertium
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Line 67: Line 67:
 
Engl.: she has written a letter for a friend
 
Engl.: she has written a letter for a friend
   
  +
</pre>
  +
  +
==Animacy in Slavic languages==
  +
  +
<pre>
  +
<jimregan> animacy in Polish is kind of the extreme
  +
<jimregan> but Kashubian and the Sorbians come close
  +
<jimregan> animacy only comes in on masculine nouns
  +
<jimregan> animate nouns:
  +
<jimregan> all Slavic languages:
  +
<jimregan> the accusative singular of masculine nouns is the same as the genitive
  +
<jimregan> (ends in -a)
  +
<jimregan> in Polish
  +
<jimregan> nominative plural, nouns referring to people
  +
<jimregan> (well, adjectives, verbs, etc.)
  +
<jimregan> have a form with a stem change
  +
<jimregan> Polak, Polacy
  +
<jimregan> but
  +
<jimregan> in Russian and Ukrainian, maybe Belarusian
  +
<jimregan> *all* animate nouns, regardless of gender, have an accusative form the same as the genitive in *both* singular and plural
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
   

Revision as of 23:14, 19 September 2010

Example 1:
Czech: Otec            četl             knihu.
Lith.: Tėvas           skaitė           knygą.
Russ.: отец            читает           книгу.
       Father(nom.)    read(3sg., past) book(acc.)

Example 2:
Czech: Knihu           četl              otec.
Lith.: Knygą           skaitė            tėvas.
Russ.: книгу           читает            отец.
       Book(acc.)      read(3sg., past)  father(nom.)

Example 3:
Lith.: Radek, iš kur tu?
Slov.: Radek, od kod si?         ('si' = 'you are')
Russ.: Радек, откуда ты?
Poli.: Radek, skąd pochodzisz?   ('pochodzisz' = 'you come')

Example 4:
Latv.:   vīrs           sarkanu   bārdu
Slov.:   mož     z      rdečo     brado
Czec.:   muž     s      červenými vousy
Russ.:   мужчина с      рыжей     бородой
Engl.: a man     with a red       beard

Example 5:
Latv.:   meitene      zilām    acīm
Slov.:   punca   z    modrimi  očmi
Czec.:   dívka   s    modrými  očima
Russ.:   девочка с    голубыми глазами
Engl.: a girl    with blue     eyes

Example 6:
Lith.:   mergaitė valgo   obuolį
Russ.:   девочка  ест     яблоко
Slov.:   dekle    je      jabolko
Czec.:   dívka    jí      jablko
Engl.: a girl     eats an apple

Example 7:
Lith.:   berniukas    piešė       katiną
Russ.:   мальчик      нарисовал   кошку
Slov.:   fant      je narisal     mačko
Czec.:   Chlapec      nakreslil   kočku
Engl.: a boy          drew      a cat

Example 8:
Lith.:   kas nori       pieno?
Russ.:   кто хочет      молока?
Slov.:   kdo hoče       mleko?
Czec.:   kdo chce       mléko?
Engl.:   who wants some milk?

Example 9:
Lith.: jis nori       arbatos
Russ.: он  хочет      чая
Slov.: on  hoče       čaj
Czec.: On  chce       čaj
Engl.: he  wants some tea

Example 10:
Lith.: ji  parašė        draugei  laišką
Russ.: она написала      письмо   другу
Slov.: napisala je       pismo za prijatelja
Czec.: napsala           dopis    příteli
Engl.: she has written a letter   for a friend

Animacy in Slavic languages

<jimregan> animacy in Polish is kind of the extreme
<jimregan> but Kashubian and the Sorbians come close
<jimregan> animacy only comes in on masculine nouns
<jimregan> animate nouns:
<jimregan> all Slavic languages:
<jimregan> the accusative singular of masculine nouns is the same as the genitive
<jimregan> (ends in -a)
<jimregan> in Polish
<jimregan> nominative plural, nouns referring to people
<jimregan> (well, adjectives, verbs, etc.)
<jimregan> have a form with a stem change
<jimregan> Polak, Polacy
<jimregan> but
<jimregan> in Russian and Ukrainian, maybe Belarusian
<jimregan> *all* animate nouns, regardless of gender, have an accusative form the same as the genitive in *both* singular and plural

Further reading

  • P. Homola, V. Kuboň (2004) "A Translation Model For Languages of Acceding Countries". Proceedings of EAMT Workshop La Valetta, Malta