Apertium stream format

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This page describes the stream format used in the Apertium machine translation platform.

Characters

Reserved

Reserved characters should only appear escaped in the input stream unless they are part of a lexical unit, chunk or superblank.

  • The characters ^ and $ are reserved for delimiting lexical units
  • The character / is reserved for delimiting analyses in ambiguous lexical units
  • The characters < and > are reserved for encapsulating tags
  • The characters { and } are reserved for delimiting chunks
  • The character \ is the escape character

Special

  • Asterisk, '*' -- Unanalysed word.
  • At sign, '@' -- Untranslated lemma.
  • Hash sign, '#'
    • In morphological generation -- Unable to generate surface form from lexical unit.
    • In morphological analysis -- Start of invariable part of multiword marker.
  • Plus symbol, '+' -- Joined lexical units
  • Tilde '~' -- Word needs treating by post-generator.

Formatted input

See also: Format handling

F = formatted text, T = text to be analysed.

Formatted text is treated as a single whitespace by all stages.


[<em>]this is[<\/em> ]a[ <b>]test.[][<\/b>]

|____|       |_______| |____|     |_______|
   |            |        |            |
   F            F        F            F
    
[<em>]this is[<\/em> ]a[ <b>]test.[][<\/b>]
      |______|        |      |____|
          |           |        | 
          T           T        T

Analyses

S = surface form, L = lemma.


^vino/vino<n><m><sg>/venir<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$

   |    | |________|
   S    L    TAGS
        |______|
        ANALISIS

|_____________________________________________|
          AMBIGUOUS LEXICAL UNIT

^vino<n><m><sg>$

|______________|
 DISAMBIGUATED
  LEXICAL UNIT

^dímelo/decir<vblex><imp><p2><sg>+me<prn><enc><p1><mf><sg>+lo<prn><enc><p3><nt>/decir<vblex><imp><p2><sg>+me<prn><enc><p1><mf><sg>+lo<prn><enc><p3><m><sg>$

                                 |____________________________________________|
                                                JOINED MORPHEMES

^take it away/take<vblex><sep><inf>+prpers<prn><obj><p3><nt><sg># away/take<vblex><sep><pres>+prpers<prn><obj><p3><nt><sg># away$

              |___|                                             |_____|
                |                                                   |
             LEMMA HEAD                                        LEMMA QUEUE

Chunks

See also: Chunking

^Verbcj<SV><vblex><ifi><p3><sg>{^come<vblex><ifi><p3><sg>$}$ ^pr<PREP>{^to<pr>$}$ ^det_nom<SN><f><sg>{^the<det><def><3>$ ^beach<n><3>$}$

   |   |______________________||__________________________|                                                          |
 CHUNK      CHUNK TAGS              LEXICAL UNITS IN                                                               LINKED
  NAME                                  THE CHUNK                                                                   TAG

   |________________________________________|
                       |
                     CHUNK



^det_nom<SN><f><sg>{^the<det><def><3>$ ^beach<n><3>$}$

                                   |______________|
                                          |
                                POINTERS TO CHUNK TAGS
        <1> <2> <3>     

See also