Difference between revisions of "Maltese and Hebrew"
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(→Todo list: sorted list by priority) |
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Tenses: |
===Tenses:=== |
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# Perfect: Action in the past |
# Perfect: Action in the past |
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#* ''serq'' "robbing", "theft" |
#* ''serq'' "robbing", "theft" |
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Vowel patterns: |
===Vowel patterns:=== |
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# KaTaB |
# KaTaB |
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# KaTeB |
# KaTeB |
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# KiTeB |
# KiTeB |
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# KoToB |
# KoToB |
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===Pronominal Suffixes=== |
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Pronouns, prepositions etc. can be dropped in favor of complex suffixes added to the verb; |
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For example, |
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<blockquote> |
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iktbilha = ikteb + il + ha<br/> |
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write(imp,p2,sg) + to + her |
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</blockquote> |
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See [http://www.aboutmalta.com/language/maltesegrammar.htm#suf The Verb with Pronominal Suffixes] for through documentation. |
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===Resources on verbs=== |
===Resources on verbs=== |
Revision as of 17:58, 21 May 2011
Maltese and Hebrew
check out with:
svn co https://apertium.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/apertium/incubator/apertium-mt-he
Todo list
- Add closed categories to the Maltese analyser (pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, numerals)
- Add closed categories to the bidix
- Add closed categories to the Hebrew dictionary
- Generate Hebrew verb entries from hspell output in Apertium format
- Add existing verbs to the bidix
- Add high frequency nouns, adjectives, adverbs to Maltese analyser
- Align Maltese and Hebrew bibles
- Add attached articles to all noun entries -- not 100% sure how this works, see for ex.
<e lm="הולדת"><par n="ה"/><i>הולדת</i><par n="עת__n_f"/></e>
Maltese verbs
No infinitive. Stem is third person singular, masculine perfect tense.
Second verb infinitive does not exist, instead both verbs are conjugated. "I want to eat" = "I want I eat"
A verbal stem can consist of:
- Three consonants (radicals) with the medial radical between one of six vowel combinations. (Triliteral)
- kiteb
- Four consonants, some having two repeated biradical bases. (Quadriliteral)
- Two consonants, or a consonant and a semivowel
In verbs with 'għ' or a + 'j' as the third radical, only have the first two radicals in the stem word which ends in 'a' (open syllable).
- Verbs that have three non-semivocalic consonants are called sound or strong verbs.
- Verbs that have three radicals, with the last radical being 'għ' or 'j' are called defective or weak verbs.
- Triliteral verbs with long 'a' or 'ie' between 1st and 2nd radicals are called hollow verbs.
- Triliteral verbs with where the second and third radicals are the same are called doubled or geminated verbs.
Examples:
Type | Example | Cons | Vowel config | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sound (Tri) | ħareġ | ħ·r·ġ | 2. a·e | he went out |
Sound (Quad) | ħarbex | ħ·rb·x | 2. a·e | he scribbled |
Defective | qata' | q·t·għ | 1. a·a | he cut |
Weak | mexa | m·x·j | 4. e·a | he walked |
Hollow | qal | q·w·l | 1. a·a | he said |
Hollow | sab | s·j·b | 1. a·a | he found |
Doubled | habb | h·b·b | 1. a·a | he loved |
Tenses:
- Perfect: Action in the past
- seraq "he robbed"
- Imperfect: Action in the present/future
- jisraq "he steals" or "he will steal"
- Imperative: Order/command
- israq (sg), isirqu (pl) "steal!"
- Present participle: Only from intransitive verbs, and some verbs of motion. Has both verbal/adjectival function. Has m/f/pl
- nieżel (m.sg) "descending"
- nieżla (f.sg) "descending"
- neżlin (mf.pl) "descending"
- Past participle: Has both verbal/adjectival function. Has m/f/pl
- misruq (m.sg) "stolen"
- misruqa (f.sg) "stolen"
- misruqin (mf.pl) "stolen"
- Verbal noun
- serq "robbing", "theft"
Vowel patterns:
- KaTaB
- KaTeB
- KeTeB
- KiTeB
- KoToB
Pronominal Suffixes
Pronouns, prepositions etc. can be dropped in favor of complex suffixes added to the verb;
For example,
iktbilha = ikteb + il + ha
write(imp,p2,sg) + to + her
See The Verb with Pronominal Suffixes for through documentation.
Resources on verbs
- Maltese Grammar
- Maltese verbs on Wiktionary
- Maltese conjugation tables on Wiktionary
- Maltese verbs on Verbix
- The verbal morphology of Maltese, Robert D. Hoberman and Mark Aronoff
- GF Summer School: Progress in Maltese
- Dana Dannélls, John J. Camilleri 2010. Verb Morphology of Hebrew and Maltese - Towards an Open Source Type Theoretical Resource Grammar in GF